3, 4, 5세 유아의 과제 변수에 따른 대인 추론 : 특질단서 사용을 중심으로
Preschooler's use of trait labels to make inferences about people according to their age and task variables
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초록
본 연구는 외양과 특질단서가 갈등적으로 제시되는 대인 추론 과제에서 유아의 특질단서 사용이 연령 및 과제 변수에 따라 차이를 보이는지 밝히고, 외양보다 특질단서를 추론 단서로 더 사용하는 경향이 몇 세부터 나타나는지를 살펴보고자 했다. 실험에서는 3, 4, 5세 유아 96명을 대상으로 하나의 표적인물과 두 종류의 선택인물을 제시하고, 표적인물이 어느 선택인물과 같은 심리적 속성을 가지는지 판단하게 하였다. 선택인물은 표적인물과 외양이 유사한 인물과, 표적인물과 특질지칭어가 같은 인물이었다. 결과는 유아가 현저한 외양 유사성을 뛰어넘어 특질단서를 대인 추론 단서로 사용하는 경향은 4세경에 나타나며, 유아는 외양 유사성이 높은 과제보다 외양 유사성이 낮은 과제에서 특질단서를 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 유아들은 한 번도 들어본 적 없는 낯선 특질단서와 이미 잘 아는 친숙한 특질단서에 동등한 중요성을 부여했다. 이 결과를 토대로, 유아가 가지고 있는 특질서술어에 대한 일반적 기대와, 유아가 외양과 특질지칭어 중 어느 한 가지에만 의존하는 것이 아니라 여러 차원의 복합적인 공통성에 근거해 추론한다는 유사성 기반 접근에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examines whether preschoolers use trait label information to make inferences about people, even when it conflicts with highly salient perceptual information and investigates preschoolers' use of trait label information according to their age and task variables(the level of perceptual similarity and the familiarity of trait labels). 32 three-year-olds, 32 4-year-olds and 32 5-year-olds saw photographs of three different children and were asked to predict whether one of the children would share properties with a child who has the same trait label but is dissimilar in appearance, or with a child who has a different trait label but is similar in appearance. The result shows that preschoolers view trait label information as an important source of information about people. Children as young as 4 years of age treat the trait labels as more informative than appearance information when making inferences about people's psychological properties. Furthermore, results suggest that the level of perceptual similarity in task affects preschoolers' use of trait label vs appearance information.
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