3, 4세 한국 아동의 단어 학습에서 상호배타성과 화용 단서의 역할
Three- to four-year-old Korean Children's Use of Mutual Exclusivity and Pragmatic Cues in Word Learning
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 아동들이 단어 학습 시 보이는 상호배타성 가정의 본질을 알아보기 위해 한국 아동들을 대상으로 실시되었다. 상호 배타성 가정이 화용적 추론 과정으로 환원될 수 없다는 결과를 보인 기존 연구(Jaswal & Hansen, 2006)에 토대를 두고 실험이 구성되었다. 실험 1에서는 만 4세, 실험 2에서는 만 3세 아동들에게 친숙한 사물과 낯선 사물을 보여주고 실험자가 친숙한 사물을 손가락으로 가리키면서 낯선 단어의 지시체를 요청하였다(“고디 좀 줄래?”). 실험 결과 만 4세 한국 아동들은 상호배타성 가정이 화용적 행동 단서와 충돌하였을 때 두 단서 중 어느 한 단서에도 우위를 두지는 않은 반면, 만 3세 아동들은 화용 단서에 의존하여 새로운 단어의 지시체를 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 3에서는 실험자가 친숙한 사물을 바라보며 낯선 단어를 언급하는, 시선 단서가 상호배타성 가정과 충돌하는 상황을 제시하였다. 실험 결과 만 3세 아동들은 시선 단서보다 상호배타성 가정을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 화용 단서의 의도 전달 명확성에 따라 아동이 상호배타성 가정을 극복하는 경향이 다르게 나타남을 보였다. 본 연구와 Jaswal과 Hansen(2006)의 연구 간 결과 차이의 이유로서 화용 단서의 속성의 차이와 문화차에 대한 논의가 이루어졌다.
Abstract
Jaswal and Hansen(2006) found that 3- to 4-year-olds relied on mutual exclusivity bias to infer the meaning of a novel word even when some pragmatic cues conflicted with mutual exclusivity. The current research examined how Korean children interpret a novel word in the similar situations as the pragmatic cues varied in the extent to which the cues explicitly convey communicative intentions. Explicit pragmatic cues(pointing gestures) and relatively ambiguous cues(eye gaze) were used. In Experiments 1 and 2, the speaker pointed to familiar object when making a request of the referent of a novel word. Results indicated that 4-year-olds chose familiar and novel objects about equally often whereas 3-year-old children chose familiar object more often than expected by chance. Thus, Korean children were less likely to follow mutual exclusivity when speaker provided explicit pragmatic cue. In Experiment 3, the speaker looked at a familiar object when making a request of a novel word's referent. The results showed that 3-year-old children were more likely to follow mutual exclusivity than eye gaze.
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