명칭의 음운적 유사성 및 친숙성에 따른 4세 유아의 속성 귀납 추론
Four-year-Old Children's Induction of Properties according to Phonological Similarity and Familiarity of Labels
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구는 명칭의 음운적 유사성 수준이 다르게 제시된 속성 귀납 추론 과제에서 유아가 명칭을 범주의 상징으로 여기고 귀납을 하는지 대상이 갖는 속성 중의 하나라 생각하고 명칭 간 유사성에 기초한 귀납을 하는지를 밝히고 명칭의 친숙성에 따라 속성 귀납에 차이가 나타나는지를 살펴보고자 했다. 실험에서는 4세 유아 100명을 대상으로 하나의 표적명칭과 두 개의 선택명칭을 제시하고, 표적명칭이 어느 선택명칭과 속성을 공유하는지 추론하게 하였다. 선택명칭은 표적명칭과 음운적으로 유사한 명칭과, 표적명칭과 음운적으로 유사하지 않은 명칭이었다. 결과는 유아가 표적명칭과 음운적으로 유사한 명칭을 가진 대상의 속성을 더 많이 귀납하고, 속성 귀납의 결과는 유사성 기반 모델이 예측하는 결과를 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아가 명칭이 범주를 나타낸다는 사전 지식을 가지고 있다기보다는 명칭을 대상의 속성으로 여기고 유사성에 기반해 속성을 귀납했음을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study focuses on the theoretical debate on whether children treat labels as category markers or as features of objects when they perform induction task. We investigated whether the phonological similarity and familiarity of labels contribute to the induction of properties and tested the prediction of the similarity-based model in the induction of properties. 100 4-year-olds performed the induction of properties according to phonological similarity and familarity of labels. The results indicate that phonological similarity affects the induction of properties and support the prediction of similarity- based model. Overall, the results support the idea that young children consider labels as properties of objects, while challenging the idea that children have a prior knowledge that labels are symbols denoting categories.
참고문헌 (32)
- 강용순, "영어 강세의 이해" (2004), 경진문화사
- 이용재, "영어의 발음" (2004), 한국문화사
- 신지영, "우리말 소리의 체계" (2008), 한국문화사
- Bailey, T. M., "Phoneme similarity and confusability", Journal of Memory and Language, 52, pp.339~362 (2005)
- Bailey, T. M., "What makes words sound similar?", Cognition, 97, pp.227~267 (2005)
- Balaban, M. T., "Do words facilitate object categorization in 9-month-old infants?", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 64(1), pp.3~26 (1997)
- Davidson, N. S., "Inductions from novel categories: The role of language and conceptual structure", Cognitive Development, 5, pp.151~176 (1990)
- Estes,W.K, "Classification and cognition" (1994), Oxford
- Fisher, A. V., "When induction meets memory: Evidence for gradual transition from similarity-based to category-based induction", Child Development, 76, pp.1~15 (2005)
- Fulkerson,A.L.,& Haaf,R.A, "The influence of labels, non-labeling sounds, and source of auditory input on 9- and 15-month-olds’ object categorization", Infancy, 4, pp.349~369 (2003)
- Fulkerson, A. L., "Linking object names and object categories: Words (but not tones) facilitate object categorization in 6- and 12-month-olds. In Supplement to the Proceedings of the 30th Boston University Conference on Language Development" (2006), Cascadilla Press
- Gelman, S. A., "The importance of knowing a dodo is a bird: Categories and inferences in 2 year-old children", Developmental Psychology, 26, pp.796~804 (1990)
- Gelman, S. A., "Categories and induction in young children", Cognition, 23, pp.183~209 (1986)
- Gelman, S. A., "Young children's inductions from natural kinds: The role of categories and appearances", Child Development, 58, pp.1532~1541 (1987)
- Goldinger, S. D., "Priming lexical neighbors of spoken words: Effects of competition and inhibition", Journal of Memory and Language, 28, pp.501~518 (1989)
- Graham, S., "It’s a sign of the kind: Gestures and words guide infants’ inductive inferences", Developmental Psychology, 43(5), pp.1111~1123 (2007)
- Jaswal,V.K, "Don’t believe everything you hear: Preschoolers’ sensitivity to speaker intent in category induction", Child Development, 75, pp.1871~1885 (2004)
- Jones, S. S., "How children know the relevant properties for generalizing object names", Developmental Science, 5, pp.219~232 (2002)
- Keil. F. C., "Two dogmas of conceptual empiricism: Implications for hybrid models of the structure of knowledge", Cognition, 65, pp.103~135 (1998)
- Luce,R.D, "Individual choice behavior: A theoretical analysis" (1959), John Wiley & Sons
- Medin, D. L., "Strategies and classification. learning", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,. & Cognition, 7, pp.241~253 (1981)
- Merriman, W. E., "The mutual exclusivity bias in children's word learning", Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 54, pp.32~4 (1989)
- Merriman, W. E., "How young children judge whether a word is one they know:. A dual criterion account", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 101(2), pp.83~98 (2008)
- Murphy G.L, "The big book of concepts" (2002), MIT Press
- Sloutsky,V.M, "The role of similarity in the development of categorization", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, pp.246~251 (2003)
- Sloutsky, V. M., "Induction and Categorization in Young Children: A Similarity-Based Model", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, pp.166~188 (2004)
- Sloutsky, V. M., "When development and learning decrease memory: Evidence against category-based induction in children", Psychological Science, 15, pp.553~558 (2004)
- Sloutsky, V. M., "Do zedras have stripes? : Effects of phonological similarity of labels on young children's induction", ~
- Sloutsky, V. M., "How much does a shared name make things similar? Part 1. Linguistic labels and the development of similarity judgment", Developmental Psychology, 35, pp.1478~1492 (1999)
- Sloutsky, V. M., "Is a picture worth a thousand words? Preference for auditory modality in young children", Child Development, 74, pp.822~833 (2003)
- Sloutsky,V.M.,Lo,Y.-F.,& Fisher,A.V, "How much does a shared name make things similar: Linguistic labels and the development of inductive inference", Child Development, 72, pp.1695~1709 (2001)
- Welder, A. N., "The influences of shape similarity and shared labels on infants' inductive inferences about nonobvious object properties", Child Development, 72, pp.1653~1673 (2004)