고대영어의 V2현상의 발생과 상실
The Rise and Loss of Verb Second in Old English
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article is concerned with how verb second (V2) occurred in Old English(OE) in terms of Spell-Out and phases in the framework of the minimal program after Chomsky (1998). Though a lot of explanations have been made on V2, no satisfactory accounts have been found so far as to why V2 occurred in OE. In this article, given the assumption that OE has a monadic CP phase, V2 in OE occurred by V-to-C movement in the syntax. The motivation behind this V-to-C movement in OE is that verb movement is considered to trigger a sort of sign of the completion of phases to CHL in the syntax. As soon as a derivation reaches a phase through verb movement, it should be shipped to Spell-Out. In the meantime, though verb movement triggers Spell-Out in the phase, CHL actually recognizes phases in the syntax when the extended projection of phrases becomes maximal with Spec-Head- complement. Thus it is concluded that XP movement to the Specifier of CP following the verb movement enables CHL to recognize the corresponding derivations as phases. Also it is suggested that the loss of V2 comes from the change from a monadic phase(CP) to dyadic phases(CP, vP) in the history of English.
Abstract
This article is concerned with how verb second (V2) occurred in Old English(OE) in terms of Spell-Out and phases in the framework of the minimal program after Chomsky (1998). Though a lot of explanations have been made on V2, no satisfactory accounts have been found so far as to why V2 occurred in OE. In this article, given the assumption that OE has a monadic CP phase, V2 in OE occurred by V-to-C movement in the syntax. The motivation behind this V-to-C movement in OE is that verb movement is considered to trigger a sort of sign of the completion of phases to CHL in the syntax. As soon as a derivation reaches a phase through verb movement, it should be shipped to Spell-Out. In the meantime, though verb movement triggers Spell-Out in the phase, CHL actually recognizes phases in the syntax when the extended projection of phrases becomes maximal with Spec-Head- complement. Thus it is concluded that XP movement to the Specifier of CP following the verb movement enables CHL to recognize the corresponding derivations as phases. Also it is suggested that the loss of V2 comes from the change from a monadic phase(CP) to dyadic phases(CP, vP) in the history of English.
참고문헌 (34)
- 김대익, "고대영어동사의 위치와 도출구조", 언어, 33(3), pp.367~385 (2008), 한국언어학회
- 김대익, "동사이동과 영어어순변화", 언어과학, 17(1), pp.25~43 (2010), 한국언어과학회
- Allen, C, "Case Marking and Reanalysis: Grammatical Relations from Old to Early Modern English" (1995), Oxford University Press
- Cardinaletti, A, "Clausal Structure and X-Second", 석사, pp.1991
- Chomsky, N, "A Minimalist Program for Linguistic Theory", 석사, pp.1993
- Chomsky, N, "The Minimalist Program" (1995), MIT Press
- Chomsky, N, "Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework, In Step by Step: Essays on Minimalist Syntax in Honor of Howard Lasnik", pp.89~157 (2000), MIT Press
- Chomsky, N, "Derivation by Phase, In Ken Hale: A Life in Language", pp.1~53 (2001), MIT Press
- Chomsky, N, "On Phase", 석사, pp.2005
- Dikken, D, "Phase Extension: Contours of a Theory of the Role of Head Movement in Phrasal Extraction" (2007), CUNY Graduate Center
- Fuβ, E, "variation and Change in Old and Middle English.: On the Validity of the Double Base Hypothesis", Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics, 4, pp.171~224 (2002)
- Gelderen, E, "The Rise of Functional Categories" (1993), John Benjamins
- Haeberli, E, "On the Word Order ‘XP-Subject’ in the Germanic Languages", Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics, 3, pp.1~36 (1999)
- Haeberli, E, "Inflectional Morphology and the Loss of Verb-Second in English, In Syntactic Effects of Morphological Change", pp.88~106 (2002), Oxford University Press
- Hulk, A, "Negation as a Reflex of Clause Structure", pp.183~207 (1997), Syntax and Semantics
- Jarad, N, "The Old English to-Infinitive: its Status & Recategorisation", Journal of Language and Linguistics, 2(1), pp.57~104 (2003)
- Kayne, R, "Antisymmetry" (1994), MIT Press
- Kayne, R, "Why Are There No Directionality Parameter?" (2010), New York University
- Kroch, R, "Verb Movement in Old and Middle English: Dialect variation and Language Contact, In Parameters of Morphosyntactic Change", pp.297~325 (1997), Cambridge University Press
- Kemenade, A, "Syntactic Case and Morphological Case in the History of English" (1987), Foris
- Kemenade, A, "V2 and Embedded Topicalisation in Old and Middle English, In Parameters ofMorphosyntactic Change", pp.326~352 (1997), Cambridge University Press
- Kroch, A, "The Middle English Verb-Second Constraint: a Case Study in Language Contact and Language Change", 석사, pp.1997
- Kroch, A, "Verb-Object Order in Early Middle English, In Diachronic Syntax: Model and Mechanism", pp.132~163 (2000), Oxford University Press
- Lasnik, H, "Verbal Morphology: Syntactic Structures Meets the Minimalist Program", 석사, pp.1994
- Lightfoot, D, "Principle of Diachronic Syntax" (1979), Cambridge University. Press
- Lightfoot, D, "Howto Set Parameter: Arguments from Language Change" (1991), MIT press
- Lightfoot, D, "Why UG Needs a Learning Theory: Triggering Verb Movement, In Historical Linguistics: Problems and Perspectives", pp.190~214 (1993), Longman
- Pintzuk, S, "Verb Seconding in Old English: Verb Movement to INFL", The Linguistic Review, 10, pp.5~35 (1993)
- Pintzuk, "Phrase Structures in Competition: Variation and Change in Old English Word Order" (1999), Garland
- Platzack, C, "The Loss of Verb Second in English and French, In Clausal Structure and Language Change", pp.200~226 (1995), Oxford University Press
- Pollock, J, "Verb Movement, UG and the Structure of IP", Linguistic Inquiry, 20, pp.365~424 (1989)
- Rissanen, M, "Isn’t it or Is it not? On the Postverbal Subject and Negative Particle in the History of English, In Negation in the History of English", pp.189~205 (1998), Moulton de Gruyter
- Roberts, I, "Verbs and Diachronic Syntax: A Comparative History of English and French" (1993), Kluwer
- Roberts, I, "Directionality and Word Order in the History of English, In Parameters ofMorphosyntactic Change", pp.397~426 (1997), Cambridge University Press