벵골 신여성의 주체적 자각 양상
The Aspect of New Woman and Subjective Self-Awareness in Bengal
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본 논문에서는, 19세기 말부터 1910년대까지 벵골 여성들의 작품에 나타난 신여성성을 분석했다. 라스순다리는 글을 배우고자 하는 열망을 자서전을 통해 드러내면서 어머니도 과부도 아닌 ‘자신’을 찾고자 하는 자기 주체적 인식을 드러냈다. 스와르나꾸마리는 비록 사랑과 전통을 모두 포용하려는 한계를 드러내면서도 당당하게 사랑을 찾아 결혼하는 여성을 주인공으로 한 소설을 발표했다. 니루빠마는 남편의 두 번째 아내를 받아들이고 함께 사는 전통적인 모습을 보이면서도 남편과의 관계를 자신의 의지에 따라 정립하는 여성을 주인공으로 한 소설을 발표하여 부부관계에서의 주체의식을 드러냈다. 로께야는 남녀의 역할이 뒤바뀐 레이디 랜드를 그린 소설을 통해 가부장제 사회에 대한 반감을 드러내는 한편 여성의 종속적 역할에 대한 인식을 전환시키는 주체성을 표출했다. 이러한 벵골의 신여성들이 비록 ‘전통과의 단절’을 확고히 하지 못하고 전통과 타협된 자아인식을 드러내기는 했지만, 다양한 형태로 전통적 한계를 넘어서는 주체의식과 개인으로서의 근대적 자각이라는 신여성성을 드러냈음을 추적할 수 있다.
Abstract
This article analyzed the subjective self-awareness which was shown at the works written by new women in Bengal from the end of 19th century to 1910s. Through the autobiography, Rassundari Devi showed her desire to learn the letters. On the other hand, she clearly showed her will to find out ‘herself, not a mother, nor a widow’. In the Kahake, Swarnakumari described a woman who found out her lover on her own and was married to him. At these points, a new woman was exposed who insisted the right to choose her spouse on her own. But, the limit was shown to embrace love and tradition at the same time by identifying Chotu and Binoy as the same person. That is the limit of new women in India at that time. Nirupama Devi's Didi, showed a traditional look by accepting the second wife. But their relationship was established by Suroma's own will. So Suroma’s choice can be evaluated to have a thread of connection to ‘new woman's self-subjectivity’. Sultana's Dream is a fantasy novel written by Rokeya. Women’s antipathy against that they are dominated by men under patriarchy was described in the Sultana's Dream. But only the roles and spaces for men and women were exchanged, the recognition that men and women should be equal was not exposed. As above, ‘disconnecting to tradition’ shown by new women in the other countries couldn't be suggested. Rather than recognition to challenge to tradition, limit was shown to self-recognition compromised over tradition. Nevertheless, it can be said that the above-mentioned women’s lives and the women appeared in their works clearly showed that they are the women who are over tradition and have consciousness of subjectivity or recognition as new women.
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