유럽연합의 북극 지역 단명기후오염원(short-lived climate pollutants)배출량 감축 정책의 변화와 과제: 유럽연합지침을 중심으로
A Research on the EU’s Policy Changes and the challenges for reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants in the Arctic region (Focus on the EU Directive)
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본 연구는 유럽연합의 북극 지역에서의 단명기후오염원들의 배출량 감축 정책들의 발전과 과제들의 분석 및 논의를 통해 향후 유럽연합의 북극 지역에서의 단명기후오염원 배출 감축에 대한 종합적인 전망을 제시하는 데 주요 목적을 둔다. 유럽연합의 대기환경지침은 국가 별 상이한 대기 질 기준 적용으로 회원국들의 지침 준수율이 낮다. 또한 에코디자인 지침은 블랙카본, 수소불화탄소, 대류권 오존을 포함한 PM2.5의 배출량 한계 수치를 설정하지 않고 있다. 이러한 지침들의 현황은 향후 북극 지역 회원국들의 난방 분야를 비롯한 생활권역에서 단명기후오염원들의 배출 증가를 전망하게 한다. 반면에 유로스탠다즈 지침은 차량들에서 배출되는 블랙카본, 미세먼지, 메탄 등의 배출량 저감을 위해 단계별로 배출 장치에 대한 엄격한 제조 요건을 설정, 달성해오고 있다. 유로 스탠다즈의 지속적인 적용으로 유럽연합의 북극 지역에서의 운송 분야 단명기후오염원들의 배출량은 적정 수준 억제될 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. 무엇보다도, 유럽연합은 이러한 지침들과 북극이사회와의 협력 프로그램, 그리고 북극 지역에서의 국제협약들과의 병행적인 시행으로 북극 지역에서의 단명기후오염원 배출량 감축에 대한 효과를 배가할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This research is purposed to present an integrated prospect for reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants by analyzing and discussing the relevant policies at the EU level in the context of the Arctic region. Ambient Air Quality Directive has low transposition rates among the member states due to differing air quality criteria by country. And Eco design Directive doesn’t set the limit values of black carbon, hydroflurocarbon, and tropospheric ozone. The status quo regarding the directives make it possible for one to have a prospect of increase in the living area of the Arctic region. On the contrary, Euro standards Directive has been setting and accomplishing the strict requirements for emission devices to reduce emissions including black carbon, PM, and methane by standards. Emissions of short-lived climate pollutants in the Arctic region is forecast to be restrained to some extent as the effective Euro standards is to be applied continuously. Above all, the European Union is believed to be able to double the effectiveness of the directives in parallel with cooperative program with the Arctic Council, and international agreements in the Arctic region.
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