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영국의 로비법제화과정 연구: 초점사건 이후의 제도변화

A Study on the Lobbying Legislation in the UK: Focused on the Institutional Change Following ‘Focusing Events’

윤홍근
한국세계지역학회 (The Korean Association Of Area Studies)|2019.03|세계지역연구논총 (The Korean Journal of Area Studies)|제37권 제1호|pp. 197-226|DOI doi.org/10.29159/KJAS.37.1.8

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키워드

초점사건정책학습로비활동policy learning로비규제저강도 규제시스템lobbying activitylobbying regulationfocusing eventslow regulation system
주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 연구는 버클랜드(Thomas Birkland)의 초점사건⋅정책학습⋅제도변화의 이론적 틀을이용하여 영국에서 대형로비스캔들이라는 초점사건의 발생으로부터 의회 내의 로비 최소규제법제화 추진까지의 정치적 합의가 이루어지기까지 긴 공적 토의(public debate) 과정을 분석하고 있다. 영국 의회의 로비법제화 과정은 영국 의회의 오랜 전통이었던 ‘규제 부재’ 타당성론우위로부터 법제화 필요성론이 설득력을 얻기까지의 일련의 정책학습 과정이었다. 영국 사례는로비규제 시스템 도입을 둘러싼 찬반의 정치적 입장 차이가 어떻게 좁혀져가면서 정치적절충을 이루는지 잘 보여주고 있다. 이 연구는 영국 의회 내 규제 해법이 모색되는 과정에서쟁점화 된 이슈들이 어떻게 단순화 되어가며, 최소한만의 규제로 귀결되어 갔는지를 분석한다.

Abstract

In 2014, the UK parliament completed the enactment process of the lobbying regulation law, ‘Transparency of Lobbying, Non-Party Campaigning and Trade Union Administration Act’, which is the typical low regulatory system of lobbying activities. Lobbying regulation is an essential precondition to a well-functioning democracy, as lobbying poses certain dangers and challenges. The lobbying regulations in the UK were legislated in the aftermath of various scandals that involved lobbyists and parliamentary members. This study is to explain the lobbying legislation process in term of Birkland’s explanatory model of ‘the institutional change and policy change following focusing events.’ This study analyses the UK parliamentary debate which had been came into the end of the low regulation system of lobbying activity, measured by Chari, Hogan & Murphy’s CPI index.

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