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탈냉전기 러시아 국제정치인식의 이론구성적 이해

Perspectives on International Politics in Post-Soviet Russia: From a Viewpoint of International Political Theory-Building

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

소련 해체 이후 러시아에서 발전된 국제정치인식에 대한 연구는 주로 러시아 외교에 대한 외교정책론 및 대외전략 연구를 중심으로 진행되어 왔으나, 그에 대한 이론구성적 차원에서 이루어진 연구는 드물다. 본 연구는 국제정치인식에 대한 이론구성적 분석을 위해서는 인식의 주체가 되는 주체, 가령 특정 국가의 엘리트와 대중이 지닌 국제환경에 대한 인식, 그러한 환경에서 활동하는 주요 행위자에 대한 인식, 그리고 그 행위 양식 등에 대한 여섯 가지 질문을 중심으로 국제정치인식의 체계를 드러내는 것이 필요하다는 방법론적 기초 위에서, 탈냉전기 러시아의 국제정치인식을 대표하는 서구지향적 자유주의, 강대국지향적 국가주의, 전통지향적 문명론 등의 국제정치인식 체계를 이론구성적 차원에서 분석하였다. 지역연구 차원에서 본 논문은 러시아가 소련 시절의 초강대국 지위를 상실한 이후 나타난 자기왜소증의 극복하기 위한 여러 가지 개념적 노력의 시도에도 불구하고 이들이 과거 제정 러시아 및 소련 전통을 반영하고 있어 새로운 국제정치의 변화를 이론적으로 재구성하는 데는 한계가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 본 논문이 주장하는 중요한 이론적 함의는 지역연구와 국제정치와의 연계의 필요성이다. 탈냉전 이후 새로운 세계에 대한 국제정치적 이론화를 위해서는 주요 지역과 국가에서 나타나는 국정정치 인식과 이론 구성에 대한 노력의 이해가 절실하다는 것이다. 본 논문은 전 세계적 수준에서 구성된 국제정치이론과 지역적 수준의 국제정치이론의 분화를 통해 지역연구가 국내적 분석을 넘어 국제정치에 기여할 수 있는 가능성에 주목해야하는 필요성을 강조하였다.

Abstract

Since the collapse of Soviet Union, there have been developing several perspectives on international politics in Russia. The studies on these perspectives have been focused mainly on Russia's foreign policy and strategies, reflecting the great concerns of the West about the Russia's foreign activities. However this kind of studies couldn't provide a systematic and theoretical understanding of Russia's foreign activities and strategies. For that understanding, it is needed to analyze the Russia's perspectives on international politics from a viewpoint of Theory-building in international politics. Thus this study is conducted to achieve two goals. One is to clearly analyze contending views of international politics in the post-Soviet Russia, and the other is to evaluate them in terms of their utility and possibility for theory building. Three contending views have emerged for the past two decades on international politics since the collapse of the Soviet Union. They are West-oriented Liberalism, Great Power-oriented Statism, and Tradition-based Civilizationism. These views were tested in terms of the extent to which to answer the six questions related to theory building in international politics. They are two questions on the international environment(the existence of international order and sources of stability or instability, two on international actors(identity and enemy recognition) and two on means of international conduct(strategies and means of influence). This study shows that various attempts to conceptualize and justify the post-Soviet Russian's insecure position in international politics, however, stop short of reaching any systematic theoretical status due to their inability to overcome the obsession of the Russian and Soviet traditions. The significance of this study is to alert to the need, importance and possible contribution of area studies in formulating new ideas on theory building in international politics. Area studies should not reside only in focusing on domestic politics of areas concerned. They should constantly look into possibilities of how to contribute to general international relations theories by presenting distinctive international perspectives of particular countries and areas.

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