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주류국제정치이론이 지닌 ‘서구 중심성’에 대한 대안적 인식론 논의: 국제사회론의 재구성을 중심으로

For Turning from Westerncentrism of International Relations Theories: Focusing on the Examination of English School Theory

이유철
동아시아국제정치학회 (The East Asian Association Of International Studies (Eaais))|2021.06|국제정치연구 (THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)|제24권 제2호|pp. 225-260|DOI 10.15235/jir.2021.06.24.2.225

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참고문헌

키워드

Ontology서구중심주의존재론영국학파국제관계이론지적(知的) 서양English SchoolInternational Relations TheoriesWesterncentrismWestern intellectual tradition
주제분류정치외교학

초록

본고는 국제정치학 이론의 서구 중심성의 탈피 가능성을 가늠한데 그 목적이 있다. 본고는국제정치이론에 있어 서구 중심성을 두 가지 차원에서 이해하는데, 하나는 질서 유지적 속성그리고 다른 하나는 서구 경험의 일반화가 그것이다. 그리고 전자의 속성을 지닌 이론들을 신현실/자유주의 등 주류이론이 주로 지니고 있으며, 후자의 경우는 그 밖의 1세대 영국학파 이론가들의 연구에서 나타난다. 그러나 전자의 경우, 존재론의 부재와 인식론적 과신으로 인해서구 중심성의 극복은 커녕, 그 인식 조차 부재하다. 그에 비해 존재론적 토대를 지닌 후자의경우에는 비서구적 재구성의 가능성을 가지고 있다. 그런 점에서 영국학파 이론의 서구 중심성으로부터의 탈피를 위한 몇 가지 이론적 틀인‘유럽국제사회 팽창’ 그리고 새로운 ‘문명의 기준’ 등은 유의미한 시도라 할 수 있다. 그러나본고는 여기에 그치지 않고 이러한 시도가 지닌 본질적 문제, 즉 지적(知的) 서양으로부터 자유롭지 못한 존재론적 고민에 주목했다. 그리고 이런 지적 서양을 극복하기 위한 몇 가지 가능성을 영국학파가 지닌 역사사회학적 방법론적 유의성과 국가의 국제 행위로부터의 탈피와문명간 관계에 대한 주목, 나아가 비교사상사적 접근 등에서 찾아보았다. 본 연구는 영국학파 이론의 서구 중심적 개념들을 존재론적으로 재해석 및 재구성함으로써영국학파가 지닌 서구 중심적 속성의 한계의 극복하고 이론이 지닌 유의미성을 되살렸다는점에서 유의미한 시도이며, 이런 시도는 한국적 국제정치 이론(Korean School)의 수립의 실마리를 제공할 수 있을 것이라는 점에서 유의미하다.

Abstract

This paper considers the possibility of moving away from West-centered perspectives in international political theory, construing West-centeredness in this theory on two levels: the tendency to maintain order and generalization of the Western experience. The previous characteristics are found in mainstream theories, while the latter appears in the works of other first-generation English school theorists. However, in the former, far from overcoming West-centeredness, the absence of ontology and epistemological overconfidence has led to a lack of realization; in contrast, the latter has the potential for non-Western reconstruction due to its ontological foundation. In this regard, it is a meaningful approach to reinterpret the English school theory: theoretical frameworks that are “expansion of international society” and “standards of civilization” that depart from the standard pattern of Western-centered views. However, the paper also focuses on the fundamental problem in these attempts, namely ontological concerns according to which we are not free from the Western intellectual tradition. As possibilities for overcoming this tradition, this paper examines the historical-sociological and methodological significance of the English school, departure of the state from international behaviors, attention to relations between civilizations, and comparativehistorical approaches. Drawing on the perspective above, the contribution of the research is to consider the possibility of diverse perspectives that only centered on the Western characteristic based on the ontological reconstruction of the English school theory. By extension, the research also provides clues for the Korea’s international political theory by breaking away from the West-centered and order-maintaining theory.

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