피지의 정당정치와 선거공학: 통시적 분석
The Chronicle of Fijian Ethnic Politics and Political Engineering
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이 논문은 1970년 영국식민지로부터 독립한 피지의 정당과 선거 역사에 대한 통시적 분석이다. 2006년 쿠데타 이후 현재까지 피지의 민주주의는 유보된 상태이다. 그동안 피지 민주주의는 대표적인 인종주의 정치와 민주주의가 만난 현장이었다. 원주민과 영국식민지 시절 유입된 인도계 주민의 갈등은 40여 년간 피지 정치의 가장 중요한특징이었고 이들의 공존을 목표로 하는 정치제도적 실험이 이어졌다. 그러나 인종 간정치적 균형이 변화 할 때마다 쿠데타를 경험했고 그 동학 속에서 피지의 정당정치도다인종주의의 경계를 넘나들며 분절을 거듭해 왔다. 이 연구는 권력공유의 문제를 해결하는 정치제도 설계 위한 보다 이론적 연구를 위한 사전사례연구로서 피지의 정당정치사를 선거와 선거제도의 변화를 중심으로 통시적으로 살펴보며, 정치제도 설계의 정치적 조건과 환경에 대한 고려가 보다 면밀히 수행되어야 함을 밝히고 있다.
Abstract
This article is a historical analysis on Fijian political parties and elections since country’s independence from UK in 1970. Currently, democracy in Fiji has been suspended for 2006 military coup d’éta. Fiji has been known for its notorious racial conflicts between endogenous and indo-fijian groups. Political parties rooted in the ethnic segments have evolved accordingly as ethnic political climate changed. There also have been various political engineering, mostly about alternative electoral systems, that supposedly help to develop peaceful multi-racial politics. It is, however, almost conclusive that neither consociationalism, nor centripetalism that incompletely played in institutional forms were not successful to prevent the country from elevating violent racial collisions and being a collapsed democracy. As a preliminary case study for more theoretical and empirical analysis in near future, the paper provides detailed narratives of Fijian party and electoral politics in institutional perspective.
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