슬로바키아와 체코의 대통령 직선제 개헌:대통령의 권한과 정치적 함의
Constitutional amendment for direct presidential election: presidential powers and political implications in Slovakia and Czech Republic
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본 논문은 우선 준－대통령제에 대한 개념을 정의하고 슬로바키아와 체코 양국을 준－대통령제 정부형태라고 평가하는 근거를 논의하며, 두 국가에서 대통령 직선제 개헌을통해 두 국가의 정부형태가 준－대통령제로 바뀌었는지를 살펴보려는 목적을 지니고있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 논의를 토대로 체코와 슬로바키아 두 국가는 형식적인 측면에서는 순수한 의회제 국가에서 준－대통령제 국가로 바뀌었을지는 몰라도 대통령의권한이라는 측면에서는 이전 의회제 시기와 비교해서 별다른 변화가 없거나 오히려 더축소되었음을 확인한다. 결국 단순히 대통령 선출 방식을 변경했다고 해서 정부형태가근본적으로 바뀌지 않으며 더군다나 대통령의 권한에도 특별한 변화가 없음을 확인한다. 이와 같이 본 논문에서는 대통령 직선제 개헌으로 인해 나타난 ‘최소개념의 준－대통령제’로의 변화는 슬로바키아와 체코의 정치체제 및 정치과정에서의 전반적인 변화를 가져오지 못하고 있으며, 1999년 이후의 준－대통령제는 실제로는 의회제와 별다른차이를 보이지 못하고 있음을 살펴볼 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is as follows. Firstly, I define the concept of semi-presidentialism. Secondly, I discuss the grounds why the forms of government of Slovakia and Czech Republic have been classified as semi-presidential system. Third, I evaluate whether the forms of government in both states really have been changed to semi-presidentialism through the constitutional amendments for direct presidential election. On the basis of these discussions, I insist though the form of governments have been changed to semi-presidential system, the President’s powers in both states have not been changed or even shrunk compared with the previous times. Futhermore I maintain the change of presidential voting system does not result in the fundamental change of the form of government. In short, in this paper even if we acknowledge the form of government in both states to be semi-presidential system, I insist that the constitutional amendment for direct presidential election does not produce properties of semi-presidentialism and induce no marked changes in political system and political process in both states.
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