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헝가리의 비자유민주주의와 경제위기 프레이밍

Illiberal Democracy and Framing the Economic Crisis in Hungary

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 연구는 비자유민주주의를 표방하는 헝가리 집권정당 피데스의 지지기반을 분석한다. 피데스는 2014년 비자유민주주의를 공식적으로 선언했고, EU의 핵심가치를 훼손하며 본격적으로 EU와 충돌했다. 그럼에도 피데스는 2022년 총선까지 압도적인 지지율로4 연임에 성공했다. 한편 헝가리 대중들은 민주주의 원칙을 지지하며 자국 정부보다 EU를더 신뢰한다. 이와 같은 모순적 현상은 민주주의 원칙보다 경제위기에 대한 대중들의 위협감이 크게 자극된 결과다. 본 연구는 경제적 위협감을 해소해줄 강력한 정당이 출현하면대중들이 민주주의 원칙을 희생하면서도 그 정당을 지지할 가능성을 보여준다는 점에서의미를 가진다.

Abstract

This study analyzes the rising support of Fidesz, a national-conservative political party that declared Hungary an illiberal democratic state in 2014. Although objectives of Fidesz are in opposition with the core values of the European Union (EU), Fidesz has succeeded in re-elections for four consecutive terms with overwhelming approval ratings until the 2022 general election. Despite the Fidesz Party’s high approval ratings, evidence shows that many Hungarian patrons favor democratic principles engraved in the EU rules and norms. This seeming contradiction is the result of the public’s growing concerns in resolving the economic crisis more than upholding liberal ideals. Fidesz kept framing a series of challenges such as global economic crisis, refugee crisis, the war in Ukraine in terms of economic threat and won discursive war with opposition parties.

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