국민보호책임(R2P) 규범과 규범 촉진자: 중견국, UN 사무총장, 국제NGO
The Responsibility to Protect Norm and Norm Entrepreneurs: Middle Power, UN Secretaty-General, and International NGO
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초록
이 논문은 국제사회에서 국민보호책임(Responsibility to Protect: R2P) 규범이 창출되고 확산되는데 있어 어떠한 규범 촉진자들이 있었고, 어떻게, 왜 그러한 역할을 해왔는지를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 R2P 규범이 2001년 12월 이래로 국제규범으로 발전해온 과정에서 규범 촉진자였던 캐나다, UN 사무총장, 국제NGO의 역할과 활동을 분석한다. 캐나다는 R2P 규범이 국제규범으로 창출되고 확산되는데 주도적 역할을 하였다. 이러한 역할을 수행한 주요 요인은 자유당 정부의 인도적 국제주의 외교정책이념과 ‘도덕적 강대국’이라는 국가정체성이었다. 코피 아난 전 UN 사무총장과 반기문 현 사무총장도 UN 체제 내에서 R2P 규범이 발전되고 구체화되는데 주요 역할을 담당하였다. 이러한 역할을 수행해온 요인은 우선 UN 사무총장의 권한과 기능에서 비롯되었다. 또 하나의 요인은 그 규범에 관한 개인적 헌신과 선호였다. 다음으로 국제NGO 네트워크는 R2P 규범에 대한 이해를 높이고, 국가들이 이 규범을 지지하도록 주창활동을 통해 규범이 확산되는데 기여하였다. 국제NGO들이 규범 촉진자로서 역할을 해온 주요 동기는 인도주의 이념에 대한 헌신과 이타적 이익이었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze how and why norm entrepreneurs have promoted the responsibility to protect (R2P) norm in the international society. It explores the roles and activities of Canada, the UN Secretary-Generals, international NGOs, as norm entrepreneurs, in the process of initiating and advancing R2P since December 2001. Canada played a leading role in creating and promoting the norm. Such a role was attributed to its Liberal governments’ foreign policy ideology of humane internationalism and its national identity of ‘the moral superpower.’ UN Secretary-Generals Kofi Annan and Ban Ki-moon also acted as norm entrepreneurs so as to advance and develop R2P within the UN system. Their roles resulted not only from their authorities and functions, but also from their personal commitment and preference for the norm. International NGOs have contributed to advancing R2P by enhancing its understanding and actively engaging in advocacy activities to convince more nations to support it. Their motives were derived from their commitment to humanitarian principles and altruistic interests.
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