『名公書判淸明集』을 통해 본 南宋代 地方官들의 祠廟信仰에 대한 인식과 대응

Abstract

The religious faith in Cimiao(祠廟) was operated based on local society, which was identified in 『Ming-kung shu-p'an ch'ing-ming chi(名公書判淸明集)』. The aim of this study is targeting Cimiao(祠廟) appearing in 『Ming-kung shu-p'an ch'ing-ming chi』 complied during the Southern Song dynasty. In the period of the Southern Song, local magistrates(地方官) who had Confucian rationalism restructured Sidian(祀典:the register of sacrifices) and prescribed sacrifices which were not approved by the government as Yinci(淫祠:licentious temple) advocating a severe punishment policy. Likewise, they made efforts to establish the order of national sacrifices and enlighten the people. However, local Cimiao(祠廟) avoided the measure to tear down temples not listed in the register of sacrifices by obtaining titles for gods, disguising itself as government－approved cults, offering a bribe to officials, and conspiring with local official XuLi(胥吏). In addition, prefectures advocated a severe punishment policy and a strong action against licentious cults as a rule, but actually they punished it generously taking a lukewarm attitude in applying laws against them. Even though only a few local magistrates had a strong will to abolish licentious cults, a lot of local official XuLi(胥吏) who assisted them worshiped or conspired with licentious cults. So it is supposed that it was difficult to tear down or punish licentious temple. Moreover, local magistrates had an attitude to compromise with licentious cults rather than to clamp down them to maintain the order of local society, which suggests that it was not likely to thoroughly tear down temple not listed in the register of sacrifices. In respect that even literati Shiren(士人) who had to enlighten the people as a candidate for preservice bureaucrats worshiped licentious cults, it is thought that the a lot of Cimiao(祠廟) which were not approved by the government sprouted up and developed in the Southern Song. According to the examination in this study, the Southern Song did not absorb Cimiao(祠廟) into the state-centered religious order. Instead, the system of granting titles(賜額․賜號) was operated meeting the needs and demands of local community unlike its original purpose. It was identified that local government officials who had Confucian rationalism could not obtain results in tearing down temples not listed in the register of sacrifices, Cimiao(祠廟) away from the order of national sacrifices.