농도학원의 교육 활동과 농민독본 연구 - 1930년대 ‘응세농도학원(應世農道學院)’을 중심으로

Abstract

This research aims at considering establishment and educational activities of ‘Unsei Nongdo Academy’ and analyzing Unsei Reading book for peasant used for textbook. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, Unsei Nongdo Academy is a kind of training school for peasant and it is an educational institution for a rural youth to cultivate leader of peasant. Specially, it is noted that this academy is established for part of the Japanese campaign for rural development performed in 1930s. Training course of Unsei Nongdo Academy is classified into theory and practice and the subjects other than agricultural theory and practice were briefly taught as basic literacy education. Meanwhile, Unsei Nongdo Academy published Unsei Nongmin Dokbon for textbook. This textbook is a practical presentation of the contents of the education and only one book is being passed. It is composed of 8 sections, and it can be reclassified as follows; section 1 is instruction, sections 2~3 for language learning such as Japanese and Korean, sections 4~8 for practical knowledge of agricultural management. In terms of type of article, section 2 is mostly prose, section 3 is diverse such as labor, poetry, diary, epistles, commentary, proverbs, mystery, etc. On the other hand, sections 4~8 are mostly related to the agricultural law. In terms of content, it is summarized by ‘Self-supportin rehabilitation education fulfilled with national policy’ and ‘Practical rural life and practical education related to farming method.’ In the 1930s, peasant education was active in various farming organizations, educational organizations, and media companies. In addition, Nongdo Academy and other peasant education activities were established as part of the rural promotion campaign. In the 1930s, it can be said that the simplified education for farmers was maximized. Especially, Unsei Nongdo Academy educated theory and practice. Therefore, it is a meaningful educational institution. However, it has pro-Japanese tendencies. They exploited the labor of students. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider this academy.