三國의 固有語 官職名語彙 小考

Abstract

The purpose of this study is looking for official title in the three ancient kingdoms of characteristics and analyse for vocabulary. It seems that there had been lots of influence of China on the titles of official posts in the three ancient kingdoms of korea. Such influences can be seen very clearly in the titles or the terms of official ranks, especially in the characteristics of their affixes and suffixes. This probably resulted from the Chinese systematic influences for a long time from the earlier periods of Zhou and Han Dynasties down to the modern periods Sui and Tang Dynasties. However, our three ancient kingdoms must have established their own unique conceptions concerning the official post and its title and term. At the earlier times in Goguryeo they developed the governmental organizations and, according to the official regulations, established the official titles of 14 ranks by adding affixes or suffixes to the five basic titles, ‘對盧 ‧ 兄 ‧ 使者 ‧ 皂衣 ‧ 先人’. In the Baekje they had relatively a simple and refined system in comparison with those of Goguryeo and Shilla, so they, excepting the 1st rank ‘佐’, added suffix ‘-率’ to the rank from the 2nd to the 6th, ‘-德’ to those from 7th to 11th, and added such suffixes as ‘督 ‧ 軍 ‧ 武 ‧ 虞’ to the lower ranks. On the other hand, in Shilla they used purely their own vernacular language in expressing their official titles, which might have quite a long history. On the whole theirs are characterized by using expressions with several different characters to mean the same, mainly owing to their adoptions from the Chinese characters only in sound. Especially in the era of the third king Yuri, they divided the official ranks into 17 grade and to the ranks from the 1st to the 9th added suffix ‘湌 or 粲’ which is a complex sound of ‘尺 and 干’. If we look into the vocabularies expressing the official titles in the three ancient kingdoms, there are several characteristics in common. Above all, the titles of the official posts in the three kingdoms Goguryeo, Baekje, and Shilla consist of the same orbital or level languages. presumably it is chiefly due to their sharing certain common features with each other in the cultural and lingual phenomena despite the influences of Chinese civilization.