이어폰–버바팀 퍼포먼스 방식에 관한 고찰
A study on the earphone-verbatim performance
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참고문헌
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초록
현실에서 발화된 말을 인용하는 기법으로서 버바팀 연극은 오랜 역사를 갖는다. 정치사회적 목적성을 또렷하게 드러냈던 60~70년대의 기록극, 대안연극 형태로서 민중구술사를 지향했던 80년대 버바팀-커뮤니티 연극, 법정기록을 충실히 인용하며 새로운 자연주의 연극을 개척했던 90년대 법정연극 등의 실험이 바로 이러한 역사적 계보 위에 있다. 버바팀 연극의 진화는 현재진행형의 실험이기도 한데, 특히 동시대 버바팀 연극에서 주목되는 형식 중 하나로 이어폰-버바팀 기법이 있다. 본고는 배우가 이어폰을 장착한 상태로 녹취된 현실의 말을 들으며 연기를 수행하는 이어폰-버바팀 연극의 방식을 선구적인 실천가인 미국의 안나 디비르 스미스와 영국의 알레키 블라이스를 사례로 들어 고찰해 보고자 한다. 과거에 실천되어온 버바팀 연극들이 대체로 말의 정확한 인용이라는 측면에 확고히 천착하며 버바팀 연극을 수행해 왔다면, 이어폰-버바팀 연극은 말을 전달(재생, 모방)하는 퍼포먼스에 보다 주목하는 형식이라는 점에서 변별된 지점을 갖는다. 이때 이어폰의 장치는 현실을 가능한 똑같이 모방하는 데 목적을 두기보다 연극과 현실 사이 균열의 지점을 분명하게 드러내며 말(현실)이 퍼포먼스 되는 방식을 주목하게 하는 매개의 전략으로서 활용되는데, 본고는 이러한 점에 천착하여 이어폰-버바팀 퍼포먼스의 수행방식을 살펴보고자 한다.
Abstract
Verbatim theatre, which creates from real people's words as a form of documentary theatre, has a quite long history: The German documentary plays bringing social political issues to stage in 60s and 70s, the community-based theatrical practices rooted in oral tradition and indigenous testimonies in 80s, and the tribunal theatre devised from verbatim records such as formal hearings, depositions or court cases in 90s. There have been many experiments with verbatim techniques, and verbatim theatre is still widely practiced in the new millennium. Among these remarkable verbatim tradition, one cannot be excluded the earphone-verbatim theatre/techniques. This study mainly focuses on examining the earphone-verbatim practices with pioneering examples of Anna Deavere Smith and Alecky Blythe whom have experimented the techniques as their consistent fundamental theatrical method. While the verbatim practices in past tended to stick rigorously to verbatim materials or adhere closely to the literal accuracy meaning, the earphone-verbatim theatre rather focuses on creating performativity through performing with earphone: For examples, how the verbatim materials transform into a live performance with a medium of earphone, and how actors deliver their lines while listening to the original recording through earphones on stage. It cannot be said that the earphone only draws the attention on copying the real words. Rather, as the earphone draws attention to the process of mediation and expose the gap between actor and character, theatre and real, it ultimately contributes to enlarge audience's experience.
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