중세 국어의 선어말어미 ‘-삽-’의 발달에 대하여
On the Development of the Pre-final Suffix -sop- in Middle Korean
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This paper mainly aims at explaining the development of the pre-final inflectional suffix -sop- in Middle Korean. It will eventually report an extremely rare case of the second element of a compound verb becoming an inflectional suffix. The suffix -sop- appeared immediately after the verb stem and denoted respect for the person referred to by the noun in the verb phrase. Middle Korean had niluand solp- as the most basic speech verbs. Their lexical meaning was identical and the most general or unmarked. (They are equivalent to English say or tell.) In addition to the lexical meaning, solp- had the same honorific function as the suffix -sop- had. Thus, it has been generally assumed that the verb solp- in some context was grammaticalized to the suffix -sop-. But how the grammaticalization was implemented has not been explained yet. Korean has compound verbs composed of two near-synonymous verbs of which the second is semantically unmarked. To take an example of asyntactic one, yespwo-‘to peep' is composed of yes- ‘to peep' and pwo- ‘to see'. These observations lead to the interpretation that the above-mentioned type of asyntactic compound verbs existed among speech verbs in Old or early Middle Korean, and that the grammaticalization of solp- (or *sop-, see below) was implemented in asyntactic compound verbs composed of a speech verb plus solp- (or *sop-). In such a compound verb the lexical meaning of solp- is redundant while its honorific function is prominent. This paper is also concerned with the difference between the shapes of the verb solp- and the suffix -sop-. In my judgment, it is possible that the suffix -sopchanged from -*solp-, but it is also possible that the verb solp- changed from *sop-. The latter change *sop-＞solp- is conceivable as contamination between the two basic speech verbs *sop- and nilu-.
Abstract
This paper mainly aims at explaining the development of the pre-final inflectional suffix -sop- in Middle Korean. It will eventually report an extremely rare case of the second element of a compound verb becoming an inflectional suffix. The suffix -sop- appeared immediately after the verb stem and denoted respect for the person referred to by the noun in the verb phrase. Middle Korean had niluand solp- as the most basic speech verbs. Their lexical meaning was identical and the most general or unmarked. (They are equivalent to English say or tell.) In addition to the lexical meaning, solp- had the same honorific function as the suffix -sop- had. Thus, it has been generally assumed that the verb solp- in some context was grammaticalized to the suffix -sop-. But how the grammaticalization was implemented has not been explained yet. Korean has compound verbs composed of two near-synonymous verbs of which the second is semantically unmarked. To take an example of asyntactic one, yespwo-‘to peep' is composed of yes- ‘to peep' and pwo- ‘to see'. These observations lead to the interpretation that the above-mentioned type of asyntactic compound verbs existed among speech verbs in Old or early Middle Korean, and that the grammaticalization of solp- (or *sop-, see below) was implemented in asyntactic compound verbs composed of a speech verb plus solp- (or *sop-). In such a compound verb the lexical meaning of solp- is redundant while its honorific function is prominent. This paper is also concerned with the difference between the shapes of the verb solp- and the suffix -sop-. In my judgment, it is possible that the suffix -sopchanged from -*solp-, but it is also possible that the verb solp- changed from *sop-. The latter change *sop-＞solp- is conceivable as contamination between the two basic speech verbs *sop- and nilu-.
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