언어 정보와 얼굴 표정 정보 유형이 ASD 아동과 TD 아동의 반어 이해와 기억 능력에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Verbal and Facial Expression Information Types on Irony Comprehension and Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children
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ASD 아동은 반어 이해 능력에 어려움을 보인다고 알려져 있다. 일상에서 반어를 잘 이해하기 위해서는 반어 정보를 인식하고 기억하는 능력이 모두 요구된다. 하지만 대부분의 ASD 선행연구는 반어 정보의 인식 양상에 초점을 두고, 기억 양상에 관한 연구는 부족하다. Cho와 Kim(2022)의 연구에서 ASD가 반어 단서인 언어 정보와 표정 정보에 대한 기억에 결함이 있음을 입증하였으나, 선행 연구에서는 의도 이해 능력을 검증하지 않아 반어 이해 능력과 기억 양상 간의 연관성을 검증하지 못하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 반어 상황에서 언어 정보와 표정 정보에 대한 기억 양상을 재검증하고 의도 이해 과제도 함께 실시하여, 반어 정보에 대한 기억과 의도 이해 양상 간의 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 지적 결함이 없는 ASD 아동은 정상 발달 아동보다 표정 기억 정확도가 낮았고, 언어 기억 정확도는 반어적 상황에서만 유의미하게 낮았다. 또한, ASD 아동은 반어 이해 능력에서 어려움을 나타냈는데, 이는 그들의 언어 기억 정확도와 상관이 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 ASD 아동이 중요한 반어 단서인 언어와 표정 정보를 기억하는 능력에 결함이 있으며, 이러한 언어 정보 기억 능력이 ASD의 반어 이해 능력을 설명하는 중요한 요인임을 시사한다.
Abstract
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit difficulties in comprehending irony. Proficient comprehension of irony in daily life necessitates both the recognition and retention of ironic cues. However, prior research on ASD has primarily focused on recognition patterns of figurative language, with limited exploration of memory components. In a previous study by Cho & Kim (2022), children with ASD displayed deficits in memory for both language and facial expression information. However, the significance of these findings remained unclear due to the absence of verification regarding the understanding of intentions. Therefore, this study replicated the experimental procedures of previous research to reassess memory aspects of language and facial expression information in ironic contexts. Additionally, tasks assessing intention comprehension were included to explore the relationship between memory for ironic information and intention comprehension. The results revealed that children with ASD, without intellectual disabilities, exhibited lower accuracy in remembering facial expressions compared to typically developing children. Furthermore, verbal memory accuracy was diminished specifically in ironic situations. Moreover, the ability to comprehend irony in children with ASD was found to be correlated with their verbal memory accuracy. In sum, our results indicate memory deficits in children with ASD concerning both facial expressions and verbal information, particularly in ironic contexts, underscoring the importance of verbal memory in irony comprehension.
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