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유동성 및 화폐수요함수의 변화에 관한 연구*

The Change of Liquidity and Money Demand Function

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 화폐 및 유동성수요함수의 변화를 추정하기 위하여 다양한 추가변수들을 도입하여 기간별 공적분분석을 실시하였다. 이때 기간구분을 위해서 구조변화를 고려한 Gregory and Hansen의 공적분분석을 적용하여 화폐수요함수의 변화가 발생한 최적시점을 찾았다. 기간별 공적분분석 기법으로는 Johansen공적분 검정뿐만 아니라 비교적 최근에 개발된 Pesaran, Shin and Smith(2001)의 한계검정법을 적용하였다. 분석결과, 기본변수(실질소득과 금리)로는 공적분관계가 존재하지 않았던 경우에도 추가변수들이 도입되면 모든 기간과 모든 화폐단위에서 공적분관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타나 추가변수들의 유용성이 확인되었다. 한편 외환위기를 전후하여 소득 및 금리의 탄력성이 다르고 영향력 있는 추가변수들이 상이함으로서 화폐수요함수의 변화를 명백히 인지할 수 있었다. 외환위기 이전기간에는 주로 환율과 단기금리가 유용하였으며 외환위기 이후기간에 대해서는 주가와 주가변동성이 유용한 영향력을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 외환위기 이후 금융시장에서 주식시장의 중요성이 급격히 부각된 사실과 부합되는 결과일 것이다.

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to explore how the money and liquidity demand functions have changed. To analyze the money demand functions, Gregory and Hansen's cointegration, Johansen's cointegration, and ARDL Bounds test were employed. Additionally, Stock and Watson's DOLS method was applied to estimate long-run cointegraton vectors. There were no cointegration relationships among money demand, real income, and interest rate in more than a half of the tested models. However, by including additional variables(short-run interest rate, stock price, real estate price, exchange rate, foreign interest rate, stock price volatility, exchange rate volatility, etc.) on the tested models, we could find strong cointegration relationships among money demand, real income, interest rate, and additional variables in all tested models. The result implies that additional variables are crucial in the long-run equilibrium relationship. The effective additional variables on money demands are different according to the time period in Korea. Before the foreign exchange crisis, exchange rate and short-term interest rate were meaningful variables to explain money demands. However, after the foreign exchange crisis, stock price and stock price volatility were more effective factors influencing on money demands. It would be resulted from the radical increase of the importance of stock market in the Korean financial market after the foreign exchange crisis.

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