한국의 친복지태도 결정요인과 그 경로구조에 관한 탐색적 연구
A Preliminary Study on Koreans' Pro-Welfare Attitude Cleavage and its Path Structure
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 탈계급론적 관점에서 한국 복지정치의 인식균열을 파악하고, 복지국가에 대한 개인들의 태도가 어떠한 요인들과의 구조 속에서 파악될 수 있는지를 통계적으로 확인하려는 목적에서 출발한다. 본 연구에서 이론적 분석의 준거로 사용한 ‘복지지위론’은 탈계급 논의의 통합적 이론틀로서, 복지수급자로서의 지위, 복지납세자로서의 지위, 복지서비스제공자로서의 지위라는 세 가지 차원으로 구성된다. 분석자료는 2006년 복지패널조사이며, 복지지위론을 적용한 확증적 경로모형을 설정하여 통계적으로 검토함으로써 한국인의 복지국가 지지성향을 결정하는 변수들의 경로구조를 탐색하였다. 주요변수에 대한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 전체 모형의 적합도는 모형이 자료를 잘 반영하고 있음을 보여준다. 나이, 성별, 교육수준, 장애등급의 경우, 복지지위론의 방향성과 일치하며 통계적 유의성도 확인된다. 보다 직접적인 복지지위론의 매개변수들의 경우, 공공부문에 종사할수록, 공공부조수급액이 높을수록 복지국가찬성수준이 높은 것으로 확인된다. 몇몇 변수의 경우 모호한 경향을 보이지만, 복지지위론의 이론적 가설에 완전히 배치되지는 않으며 보다 이론적합적 자료를 분석할 경우 해결될 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구결과를 볼 때, 복지지위론에 입각한 친복지전략의 창출이 우리나라의 경우에도 적용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
This study aims at statistically evaluating applicability of welfare status theory of welfare politics in the Korean context, by using Korea Welfare Panel Survey of 2006. Welfare status theory is one of the representative approach of non-class political view of welfare politics. It is composed of 3 dimensions of welfare-related interests, that is, status as welfare beneficiary, status as welfare taxpayer, and status as welfare service provider. This study explores the path structure of welfare political variables, by analysing confirmative path model which is based on the theoretical implications from the welfare status theory. Analytical results of the study are to be summarized as follows. Firstly, total model fit is acceptable, which means the analyzed model adequately reflects the data. Secondly, independent variables such as age, gender, education level, disability level are all statistically significant and theoretically plausible. Thirdly, public employment and public assistance benefit level are also statistically and theoretically acceptable, which confirms the validity of theory of welfare status. Although the variable of income level is not significant and reveals the opposite sign of coefficient, we can conclude that welfare-status-based politics exists and is working in Korean context, too.
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