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핵심역량기반 교육에 대한 비판적 고찰

A Critical Review on Competence-based Education

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 논문은 OECD 국가들을 중심으로 널리 적용되고 있는 역량기반 교육의 본질과 성격을비판적으로 논의하고자 한 연구이다. 이 논의를 위해, 본고는 역량기반교육의 기원과 기본 원리를 검토하고, 특히 이 접근법이 직업훈련의 한 형태에서 출발했음을 강조하고자 하였다. 본고의 주장을 실제 접근법들에 대한 분석을 통해 확인하기 위해, 본고는 잘 알려진 다섯 개의접근법 즉, OECD의 DeSeCo, 유럽연합의 Key Competences in Europe, 그리고 미국의 세 가지역량기반 접근법들(21세기 학습을 위한 협력, 21세기 기술의 교수 및 평가, 공통핵심국가수준) 을 비교 분석하였고, 이를 한국에서 개발 중인 핵심역량교육과 비교하였다. 이 분석을 바탕으로, 본고는 이 역량기반교육접근법이 갖고 있는 이론적 한계와 실천적 위험성을 인식론적, 이념적, 그리고 실천적 문제의 차원에서 논의하였다. 본고의 논의를 통해 역량기반교육의 본질을잘 이해함으로써 한국의 공교육체제에 보다 성공적으로 적용하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

This paper aims to critically discuss the natures and characteristics of the competence-based education models that are widely adopted among the OECD countries. For the analysis and discussion, this paper reviews the origins and the basic principles of the competence-based education and pinpoints that this model is originated from a vocational training model. To make this argument clear, this paper compares and analyzes 5 well-known competence-based education models, which are OECD’s DeSeCo, EU’s Key Competences in Europe, and three U.S. models (The Partnership for the 21C Learning, The Assessment and Teaching of 21st-Century Skills, and The Common Core National Standards and Tests). Based on this analysis, the Korean model, the Core Competence for National Curriculum is also reviewed. Based on the analysis, this paper pinpointed the theoretical limitations and practical pitfalls of the models, in terms of epistemological, ideological, and implemental problems. This paper’s discussion may help us to understand the nature of the Competence-based Education and to successfully apply it to the public school system in Korea.

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