고정시간지연절차를 이용한 교수가 중도 정신지체 학생의 음식 만들기 기술 습득과 일반화에 미치는 효과
The Effect of Constant Time Delay Procedure on Acquisition and Generalization of Food Preparation Skills for Students with Severe Mental Retardation
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음식 준비 기술은 중도 정신지체 학생의 독립적인 생활에서 가장 중요한 영역중의 하나이다. 이 연구는 고정시간지연절차로 음식 만들기 교수의 효과를 조사한 것이다. 습득, 일반화, 유지, 그리고 오반응 유형 분석에 대한 자료들이 수집되었다. 3명의 중도 정신지체 중등부 학생들이 이 연구에 참여하였다. 세 명의 대상학생을 위한 목표 기술은 밥짓기와 라면 끓이기 기술을 익히는 것이었다. 실험 설계는 대상자간 중다 간헐 기초선 설계였다. 교수 회기에서, 연구자는 0초 지연과 5초 지연을 사용하였다. 또한 몇 가지 교수적 수정이 사용되었다. 다른 장소에 대한 일반화를 위하여, 각 대상학생 가정의 주방이 사용되었다. 유지 회기는 중재가 종료된 후 3주 후에 수행되었다. 결과는 1) 음식 만들기 기술의 수행 정도가 증가하였고, 2) 습득한 음식 만들기 기술이 성공적으로 일반화되었으며, 3) 중재가 종료된 3주 후에도 습득한 음식 만들기 기술이 성공적으로 유지되었음을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 5초 고정시간지연 절차가 중도 정신지체 중등부 학생들에게도 밥짓기와 라면 끓이기 기술을 습득하고 일반화하며, 그 기술을 유지하는데 효과적임을 의미하는 것이다. 행동 형태성 오반응은 실험기간동안 가장 빈번하게 보고된 오반응 유형이었다. 학급에서의 실행을 위한 적용과 미래 연구를 위한 제언이 제시되었다.
Abstract
Food preparation skill is one of the most important area for independent life of students with severe mental retardation. This study examined the effectiveness of food preparation instruction with constant time delay procedure. Data regarding acquisition, generalization, maintenance, and failure pattern analysis were obtained. Three middle school students with severe mental retardation participated in this study. Target skill for the three participants were learning to cook rice and ramen. The experimental design was multiple probe design across participants. In the instructional sessions, the researcher provided the participants 0 second and 5 second delay. Some instructional modification were also used. Generalization across different place, each participant's home kitchen was accessed. Maintenance probes were conducted after three weeks after the intervention. The results indicated 1) increased performance rate of food preparation skills, 2) successful generalization of acquired food preparation skills, and 3) successful maintenance of acquired food preparation skills after three weeks in termination of intervention. These results implies that the 5 second constant time delay procedure is effective in the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of rice and ramen cooking skills for middle school students with even severe mental retardation. Topography failure was the most frequently reported type of error during the experiment. Implications for classroom practice and recommendations for future research are offered.
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