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아동기 장애에 대한 뇌과학적 접근- 읽기장애, ADHD, 자폐증을 중심으로 -

Brain Science Approach of childhood disorder -Reading disability, ADHD and Autism-

이명주|서유경|김학진|안성우
한국특수교육문제연구소 (Research Institute of the Korea Special Education)|2007.03|특수교육저널:이론과 실천 (Journal of Special Education: Theory and Practice)|제8권 제1호|pp. 153-172

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참고문헌

키워드

ADHD읽기장애자폐스펙트럼 장애reading disabilityattention deficit-hyperactivity disorderautism spectrum disorder.
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 신경학적 관점에서 아동기 발달장애의 병인론을 이해하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 읽기장애, ADHD, 그리고 자폐 스펙트럼 장애에 관한 신경학적 연구를 고찰하였다. 읽기장애의 주요 결함은 음운처리문제이며, 읽기에 관여하는 중요한 뇌영역은 좌측 상측두회와 좌측 방추상회 영역이다. 특히, 상측두회는 읽기과정에서 음운처리에 관여하며, 방추상회는 시각적인 자동적 읽기처리에 관여한다. 다음으로, ADHD의 하위 유형 중 ADHD 복합형과 주의력 결핍 우세형은 행동 특성과 신경학적 결함이 상당히 다르다. 복합형의 경우 우측 전전두 영역과 관련된 결함이 일관되게 보고되고 있는 반면, 주의력 결핍 우세형의 신경학적 기전에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하다. 자폐스펙트럼 장애의 언어 및 의사소통 문제는 좌측 측두엽 영역, 상측두회, 또는 브로카 영역의 결함 등으로 보고되고 있으나, 연구에 따라 일관된 결과는 보고되고 있지 않다. 사회적 상호작용의 문제는 방추상회, 안와전두 피질, 내측 전전두 피질, 그리고 편도체 영역과 관련되어 있을 가능성이 제기되고 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의 및 미래 연구 방향이 논의되었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the etiology of child developmental disorder in terms of neurology. For that, the study reviewed neurological studies of reading disability, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. At first, in the reading disability, it's main problem is phonological processing deficit. The important cortical areas that exhibit dysfunction of reading are the left superior temporal gyrus(STG) and the left fusiform. STG is involved in phonological processing, and the fusiform is associated with the automatic process of visual word form perception. Next, ADHD combind type(ADHD/C) is different from ADHD inattention type(ADHD/I) in behaviour characteristics and neurological dysfunction. A number of studies have suggested an inhibitory deficit that is associated with right prefrontal lobe in ADHD/C. In contrast, ADHD/I exhibit sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms. But, the neurological study for ADHD/I is lack. Then, it had reported that language/communication problem of autism spectrum disorder is associated with dysfunction of left temporal lobe, STG, and Broca's region. In problems of social interaction of autism spectrum disorder, it is shown that the dysfunction of the medial prefrontal lobe, the orbital prefrontal lobe, the fusiform, and the amygdala is associated with them. Finally, the significance and directions of the study was proposed.

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