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ADHD 아동의 뇌 기능적 특성 분석

Analysis of ADHD Children’s Cognitive Function using fMRI

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주제분류교육학

초록

주의력결핍과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: ADHD)는 학령기 아동에게 흔하게 발병하는 정신장애로 산만성, 부주의성, 그리고 충동성의 부적응 행동을 보인다. ADHD 학습자는 특징적 증상들로 인해 학업을 포함하여 또래 및 교사와의 관계 등에도 어려움을 경험한다. 특히 발달과정에서 품행장애, 우울증 등을 포함한 다양한 공존질환을 유발하여 청소년기의 정서 및 인지 발달에도 영향을 미친다. 이에 이 연구에서는 ADHD 아동의 정서ㆍ행동 문제를 야기하는 뇌 기능적 특성에 초점을 맞추어 초등학교 3~4학년 ADHD 아동과 일반 아동의 실행기능상 뇌 기능적 특성을 기능성 자기공명영상을 사용하여 살펴보았다. fMRI 영상 분석 결과 ADHD 아동은 자동적인 인지반응에 대한 억제와 인지전환에서 일반 아동과 다른 뇌 활성화 패턴을 나타냈다. 이 연구에서 발견된 ADHD 아동의 뇌 활성화 패턴에 대한 결과와 ADHD 아동의 뇌 기능적 특성에 대한 신경학적 연구에 대한 고찰을 토대로 ADHD 아동의 뇌 발달과 기능 촉진을 위한 인지증진훈련 프로그램의 개발과 활용 필요성에 대하여 제안하였다.

Abstract

Currently, school bullying and suicidal ideation and behavior of adolescents are important causes of undermining the quality of education and satisfaction at public school. Students who experience school bullying and suicidal behavior have diverse psychological difficulties including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a kind of mental disorder that is commonly detected in school-aged children and could be one serious origin of bullying and depression lead to suicide of adolescents. In the current study, we compred the brain activation patterns between ADHD children and normal children during Arrow-Word Strooo task using fMRI. The result indicated ADHD childrens’ dificits of goal-driven cognition ability such as Default Mode Network (DMN) inhibition and cognitive set shifting. We suggested the necessity of development and application of cognitive enhancement training program for children who diagnosed ADHD and have similar symptoms of ADHD in early childhood.

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