단극체계와 동맹의 비용
Unipolarity and Alliance Burden
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급작스러운 냉전의 종식으로 인해 국제정치체제에서 전혀 경험해보지 못했던 단극체계가 도래한 지 30여 년이 지났다. 반면, 탈냉전과 함께 종식될 것이라 예상되었던 미국 중심의 동맹체제는 오히려 더 확장되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 단극체계의 새로운 정치현상으로 인식되고 있다. 특히, 동맹의 비용분담을 둘러싼 최근의 논의들과 동맹국들의 다양한 비용분담 행태는 단극체계 동맹정치를 설명하는 데 있어 중요한 지표임을 나타내고 있다. 본 연구는 단극체계의 구조적 속성변화가 동맹의 기능과 역할을 어떻게 변화시켰는 가를 동맹의 다양한 비용분담 행태를 통해 설명하고자 하는 시도이다. 결론적으로, 본 고는 단극체계의 구조적 위협의 부재와 극단적인 세력 불균형이 동맹의 필요성과 각각의 동맹의 자신의 안보목적을 달성할 수 있는 역량에 영향을 미쳤으며 이러한 두 변수 간의 상관관계가 동맹의 다양한 비용분담행태를 결정하고 있다고 주장한다.
Abstract
A sudden end of the Cold War brought into a shift from bipolar to a unipolar world, which has been lasted more than three decades. In addition, US-centered Alliance Network, often regarded as a Cold War legacy, not only continues to operate but also has been considered as a new political phenomenon in unipolarity. In particular, recent debates on alliance burden sharing demonstrate that distinct behavioral characteristics of US allies are important indicators of the alliance politics in unipolarity. This project aims to explain changed nature of unipolar alliance system by focusing on alliance burden sharing behavior. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that two properties of unipolarity - the absence of structural threat and the extraordinary imbalance of power - determine US allies' various burden sharing behavior, which is a function of the necessity of alliance and the each ally's capacity of achieving its goal.
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