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포스트휴먼 언어 연구: 개념과 성격, 그리고 연구의 방향

Posthuman language studies- Conceptual origins, directions of research, and theoretical frameworks

김미정|박휴용
인문학연구소 (Institute for Humanities)|2021.06|코기토 (Cogito)|제94권 |pp. 65-102

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참고문헌

키워드

locality지역성포스트휴머니즘신물질주의posthumanismnew materialism교육기호학행위자－망이론객체지향존재론포스트현상학edusemioticsobject oriented ontologyactor－network theorypost-phenomenology
주제분류기타인문학

초록

포스트휴머니즘은 존재론적으로나 인식론적으로 인간의 우월성에대한 인류중심주의적 이념에 대한 비판적 반성을 기초로 한 정치윤리학적 세계관이다. 본고는 그러한 비판적 관점을 바탕으로 한 포스트휴먼언어 연구의 기원과 성격, 그리고 이론적 틀이 무엇인지에 대해 논의하고, 그 실천방안의 하나로서 교육기호학에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 본고는 이 주제를 탐색하기 위한 구체적인 이론적 기반이 될수 있는 포스트휴머니즘의 네 가지 하위 이론들―신물질주의, 객체지향존재론, 행위자－망이론, 그리고 포스트현상학―을 중심으로 포스트휴먼 언어 연구의 원리들을 제기하고자 하였다. 본고의 핵심 논점을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지구 생태계 속의 모든존재들은 상호의존적인 관계망을형성하여 공존하면서 살아가고 있기 때문에, 포스트휴먼 언어 연구는(인간)언어중심주의에서 탈피하여 세상의 모든존재들이 능동성과 주체성을 바탕으로 자신을 드러내고 소통하려는 의지를 가진 존재로서 그들과 소통할 수 있는 새로운 언어관이 필요하다는 것이다. 둘째, 이를 위해인간언어의 우월성에 기반한 기존의 언어학 체계를 넘어서서 포스트휴먼적 언어관―즉, 언어의 물질성, 언어 주체－대상의 상호의존성, 언어주체들 간의 수평적 존재론, 사물주체들의 능동성, 그리고 언어 소통 환경의 지역성과 공간성 등―을 기반으로 언어 연구를 수행해야 한다는것이다. 셋째, 포스트휴먼 언어 연구는 자연생태계의 지속불가능성과첨단과학기술의 급속한 발전이라는 대조적인 환경의 변화 속에서 언어연구가 다양한 학문적 연구들이 어떻게 융합되어져야 하는가에 대한 시사점을 제공해줄 수 있다. 이러한 역할 기대를 반영하여 향후 포스트휴먼 언어 연구는 인문사회학의 생태적 연구 주제들과 자연과학 및 공학의기술적 이론들을 융합적으로 연계하여 상호참조하는 연구로 그 방향성을 정립할 필요가 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Posthumanism is an ethico-political world view that emphasizes critical reflections on theanthropocentic ideals about human supremacy over the other beings ontologically andepistemologically. This paper, based on such posthuman critiques, aims to lay the groundwork for understanding the conceptual origins, the directions of research, and the theoreticalframeworks of posthuman language studies. This paper also suggests edusemiotics, as a pedagogical strategies for implementing the findings of posthuman language studies to educationfields, and discusses four sub-theories of posthumanism, i.e., new materialism, object-orientedontology, actor－network theory, and post-phenomenology. The major arguments of this paper are as follow : First, posthuman langauge studies need to reconsider the world as a reciprocal web of connections and the assemblage of living and non-living beings, and to acknowledge all beings in the world has their own subjectivity and agency to express themselves. Second, posthuman language studies overcome the ideology of human exceptionism by accepting the traits of language ―e.g., materialism, entanglement of things, multi-modality,multi-sensuality, trans-contextuality ―as a posthuman medium. Third, posthuman languagestudies, considering the profound changes of ecological and technological environments, ven ture to collaborate with the theoretical grounds and research outcomes from diverse disciplinary fields. This paper’s discussion may suggest some useful guidelines for field of linguistics and language studies about how human language should be reconsidered through theprism of posthuman theoretical perspectives.

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