포스트휴머니즘적 존재인식론에 기반 한 질적 연구의 성격과 방법
The Traits and Methodological Approaches of Qualitative Research Based on Posthuman Onto-Epistemology
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연구목적: 본고는 포스트휴먼적 존재인식론을 바탕으로, 포스트휴먼적 환경에서의 인간과 그 외 비인간적 존재들(동식물, 사물, 기술, 지식 등)의 관계성이 어떻게 새롭게 재편될 것이며, 그런 상황 속에서 학문적 연구의 방향이 무엇인가에 대해 논의하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본고의 연구방법은 i) 포스트휴먼적 지식의 특성과 그 이론적 기반이 무엇인가와 ii) 포스트휴먼적 질적 연구의 이론적 기반과 방법론적 전략은 무엇인가인데, 이론적 리뷰를 연구방법론으로 채택하였고, 이를 위해 선행연구 분석을 바탕으로 기존의 이론과 논의들을 본 연구 목적에 맞게 논의하였다. 연구결과: 첫 번째 문제에 대해서 본고는, 포스트휴먼적 지식의 성격과 포스트휴머니즘의 네 가지 존재인식론인 신물질주의, 행위자-망이론, 객체지향 존재론, 그리고 비대표성이론에 대해 논의하였고, 특히 비판적 포스트휴머니즘을 통해 포스트휴먼적 연구의 정당성을 살펴보았다. 두 번째 문제에 대해서 본고는, 포스트휴먼적 질적 연구의 목표와 지식관에 대해 살펴보았고, 두 가지 주요 관점인 비대표성이론과 생기론이 질적 연구의 차원에서 어떤 의미가 있는지 논의하였으며, 마지막으로 포스트-질적 연구의 방법론적 전략을 제시하였다. 논의 및 결론: 본고에서 논의한 포스트휴먼적 질적 연구의 이론적 토대와 실천적 방법론은 향후 질적연구의 새로운 방향을 제시하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Purpose: Based on onto-epistemological perspectives of posthumanism, this paper aims to discuss how the relationships among the human and the non-human beings(un/living things, technology, knowledge, etc.) would be reconfigured and how the nature of theories and research practices would be reshaped. Method: These themes were discussed in terms of the following research questions: First, what are the characteristics of posthuman knowledge and their theoretical bases? Second, what are the conceptual frameworks and methodological strategies of the posthuman qualitative research? Adopting literature review as the methodological approach, this paper attempts to critically review previous theories and discussions under the described research questions. Results: The first question was addressed by highlighting four onto-epistemological theories―i.e., New Materialism, Actor-Network Theory, Object-Oriented Ontology, and Non-Representative Theories― and introducing critical posthumanism as a rationale for posthuman research. The second question was elucidated by emphasizing the goals, perspectives, and methodological considerations of the post-qualitative research. Conclusion: The new onto-epistemological perspectives and qualitative research methodologies suggested in this paper may guide new directions for following posthuman qualitative research and discussions.
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