고구려의 영동지역 진출과 관할 방식

Abstract

Yongdong Ye (嶺東濊) was ruled by Old Joseon, the Han (漢) counties and prefectures, and subsequently by Koguryo. Therefore, political changes in the Yongdong area are significant for the study of ancient Korean history. After the Hyundo (Xuantu) Commandery retreated to the northwest of Koguryo, towns in East Okcho (東沃沮) became subject to Bujo (夫 租) Prefecture under the Nangnang (Lelang) Commandery. Other prefectures were under the administration of the Hyundo Commandery and Nangnang Commandery with the withdrawal of the Imdoon (Lintun) Commandery. After the creation of Dongbudowie (the eastern sub-district of Nangnang), the Yongdong area was subject to Nangnang Commandery and was guaranteed its independence. However, the county and prefecture ruling system was well established under the control of Nangnang Commandery. In the process, by participating in the governing system of counties and prefectures the ruling power in the aboriginal community retained its position, albeit in a limited manner. Some communities were moved to the center of the county. Bujo Ye Gun (夫租薉君) is a case in point. The Late Han Emperor Gwangwu’s changing of its governance of frontiers affected Nangnang Commandery. Dongbudowie, the military unit responsible for seven regions in the Yongdong area, was removed. The Late Han lost its influence over the Yongdong area while Koguryo advanced, making it difficult for the Late Han to dispatch administrators. In late 140 CE, the Yongdong area was completely removed from the jurisdiction of Nangnang Commandery. After gaining control over East Okcho, Koguryo advanced south and ruled seven regions of the old Yongdong area by the Late Han period. In previous studies, the method by which Koguryo controlled East Okcho was considered to have been indirect control based upon tribute payment, which was Koguryo’s traditional method. However, after in-depth reviews of inscriptions, it has been found that Koguryo directly controlled East Okcho by dispatching regional officers. At the same time, Koguryo did not completely eliminate the ruling power in the aboriginal community and allowed them to participate in the governing system. This indicates that Koguryo embraced much of Han’s governing system. It is questionable whether the method by which Koguryo ruled East Okcho can be applied to the entire Yongdong area. This is because in the third century East Okcho and Bulnae Ye (不耐濊) clearly differed in their forms of governance. There was a gap of 100 years between the periods of subordination to Koguryo, thus there was a different governing system before their subordination. After the Later Han abandoned its rule over the Yongdong area, Bulnae Hu (不耐侯) gained control over Bulnae Ye and placed Bulnae Ye’s towns under its rule. Koguryo is considered to have accepted such a governing structure from that time. It is difficult to conclude that this can be seen as indirect control. However, it is clear that Koguryo gained a relatively high level of independence compared to East Okcho. East Okcho and Bulnae Ye showed different reactions to the Guanqiu Jian attack because of Koguryo’s ruling system and the differences in their respective subordination to Koguryo.