탈냉전기 군사혁신론과 오바마 행정부 시기 미 공군의 군사혁신
The Discourse of RMA(Revolution in Military Affairs) in the post-Cold War era and U.S. Air Force RMA Under Obama Administration
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본 연구는 탈냉전기 미국의 국방개혁 비전인 ‘군사혁신’의 맥락에서 오바마 행정부(1기) 시기 미 공군의 군사혁신 추진현황을 분석하고 정책적 함의를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 오바마 행정부는 부시 행정부의 일방주의와 정규전 및 첨단전력 위주의 국방정책을 비판하며 정권을 잡았다. 또 누적된 재정적자는 ‘군사혁신’ 비전의 상당한 수정을 요구하게 될 것으로 예견되었다. 반면 미국의 글로벌 리더십과 군사적 우위를 고수하겠다는 강한 의지와 최근 활발해진 대중국 견제 행보는 과거 부시 행정부 시기의 군사혁신 정책이 계속 고수될 것이라는 전망을 가능케 한다. 연구결과 오바마 행정부 시기 미 공군은 글로벌 리더십의 유지와 첨단무기 개발이라는 연속성뿐 아니라, 우발사태의 대비와 타군 및 동맹국과의 파트너십 강조, 예산 제약 하에서 선택적 군사력 건설이라는 변화의 측면을 동시에 보여주었다. 이러한 오바마 행정부 시기 미 공군의 군사혁신을 고려한 한국 공군력의 발전 방향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 오바마 대통령의 재선으로 신국방전략지침에서 제시한 미 공군의 군사혁신 방향이 지속될 것이므로 한국도 선제적인 대응을 해야 한다. 둘째, 오바마 행정부의 균형전략이 미 공군에 적용되면서 부각된 우발사태 대비 차원에서 한국 공군력의 발전 방향을 모색해야 한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide the analysis and prospects for U.S. Air Force RMA, Revolution in Military Affairs, during the period of Obama Administration(first term) especially in terms of continuation and change of RMA as a basic defense reform vision after the demise of Cold War. Obama administration began its term criticizing the unilateralism of Bush administration, defense policy focusing on the regular warfare and hightech munition, Military Transformation. In addition, huge government debt seems to press US government to revise costly RMA defense reform vision. However, at the same time, strong intention of US government to retain military leadership makes it possible to predict the RMA vision continues. First, in chapter 2, the paper presents the brief review of the process of forming and developments of concept of RMA as not only a academic term, but also a vision, and slogan for U.S. armed forces reformation in post cold war era. In Chapter 3, the article analyzes the development processes of Obama administration’s security and defense policy orientation by reviewing the main related official documents including National Security Strategy, Quadrennial Defense Review, National Defense Review, and National Military Strategy. In Chapter 4, the main part, the paper analyzes the detailed development process of U.S Air Force reformation policy, RMA, as both of military strategy, and of force structure building. In terms of RMA vision, U.S. Air Force under Obama administration has shown not only the continuation, the maintenance of U.S. Global military leadership and high tech weapon systems, but also the change, more stress on counter insurgency operations and alliances and partnership. Next, in Chapter 5, the paper provides the brief statements of policy implications on South Korean government and Air Force. Lastly, in Chapter 6, the paper concludes with summary of main contents and implications of the paper.
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