기초체력 중심의 동작활동 프로그램이 유아의 실행기능에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Physical Fitness-Centered Movement Activity on Children’s Executive Function
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본 연구에서는 기초체력 중심의 동작활동 프로그램이 만 5세 유아의 실행기능에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 M유치원 만 5세 유아 41명, 서울시 H어린이집 만 5세 유아 20명이다. 실험집단은 9주 동안 기초체력 중심 동작활동 프로그램(18회기)에 참여하였고, 비교집단 1은 담임교사가 게임, 신체표현 등 계획된 동작활동을 실시하였으며, 비교집단 2는 자유놀이를 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과 검증을 위하여 유아의 실행기능 사전과 사후 검사를 실시하였으며, SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 일원분산분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 실행기능 전체 및 하위영역인 행동 억제, 억제 전체, 인지유연성, 작업기억은 실험집단이 비교집단 1과 비교집단 2보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 높았고, 인지 억제는 실험집단이 비교집단 1보다 높았다. 이러한 결과는 기초체력을 중심으로 한 체계적인 동작활동이 유아의 실행기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 변인임을 밝혀주었다. 이를 기초로 유아기 실행기능의 발달을 위하여 유아교육 현장에서 기초체력을 중심으로 한 체계적인 동작활동을 계획하고 제공해야 함을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a physical fitness-oriented movement activity program on the executive function of five-year-old children. The participants included 41 children from M private preschool in Gyeonggi Province and 20 children from H childcare center in Seoul. In the experimental group, the movement activity program for promoting young children's physical fitness was conducted 18 times for 9 weeks, and in control group 1, the lead teacher had children perform usual planned movement activities such as games and body expressions. Control group 2 completed free activities, and no pre-planned movement activities were undertaken separately. Pre- and post-tests were administered to assess the executive function of the children, which included: behavioral inhibition, total inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the data. The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in total executive function scores and the sub-domains(behavioral inhibition, total inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory) compared to both control groups. Cognitive inhibition showed significant improvement in the experimental group compared to control group 1. The findings suggest that systematic movement activities focused on physical fitness can positively influence the executive function of young children. These results advocate for the integration of regular, structured physical fitness activities within early childhood education curriculums to enhance cognitive skills, such as executive function, in young children.
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