소아암으로 자녀를 잃은 부모의 사별과 애도 경험에 대한 연구
The Bereavement and Grief Experiences of Parents Who Have Lost a Child to Cancer
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초록
본 연구는 소아암 자녀를 잃은 부모가 경험한 사별 및 애도 과정을 이해하기 위한 것으로 소아암으로 자녀를 잃은 지 최소 1년이 경과한 사별 부모 7명(어머니 5명, 아버지 2명)을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 연구 참여자들의 연령은 38세에서 55세였고, 자녀의 진단명은 백혈병과 뇌종양을 포함하였으며, 사별 후 경과기간은 최소 1년 4개월에서 최대 5년 3개월이었다. 다중 사례연구 방법을 이용하여 사례 내 분석을 토대로 한 사례 간 분석 및 교차사례 분석을 실시한 결과 36개의 하위 주제가 5개의 대주제로 제시되었다. 본 연구 결과에서는 자녀 임종까지의 돌봄 과정, 사별 이후 복합적인 애도 반응, 자녀를 잃은 부모에 대한 사회의 부정적 시선, 애도 과정에서 남은 가족과의 관계 어려움, 슬픔과 상실에 대한 대처와 관련하여 사별 부모들의 경험이 보고되었다. 이들은 사별과 애도과정에서 다양한 어려움을 나타냈지만, 상실의 고통에 대처하는 노력도 함께 보고하면서 사별 과정 전반에서의 경험을 생생하게 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해 소아암 환자와 가족을 대상으로 한 환아의 임종 이전부터 사별을 준비하고 사별 이후 다양한 돌봄을 지원받을 수 있는 통합적인 사별지원 체계가 구축되어야 함을 제언하였다.
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the bereavement and grief process experienced by parents who lost children to childhood cancer. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven bereaved parents (five mothers and two fathers) who lost their children to cancer. The participants’ ages ranged from 38 to 55 years old, and their children's diagnosis included leukemia and brain tumors. Time since the child’s death ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 5 years and 3 months. Using the multiple case study method, between-case analysis and cross-case analysis based on within-case analysis were conducted and yielded 36 subthemes in five overarching themes. The themes included parents' experiences during diagnosis and treatment for their children until their death, complex grief responses after their bereavement, social stigma toward parents who lost their children, difficulties in relationship with remaining families, and coping with loss. The results showed parents experienced various difficulties in the bereavement and grief process and revealed their efforts to cope with the pain of loss throughout the grief process. This study implies that an integrated bereavement support system should be established for pediatric cancer patients and their families to receive various support services before the death and during bereavement.
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