연암 박지원의 현실비판에 대한 도가철학적 모색

Abstract

Yeonam Park Ji-won was a person who lived in the Joseon Dynasty period when the aristocrat culture of Confucianism was dominant in the 18th century. His period was when the unhealthy social atmosphere was produced because of the various corruptions of the ruling class of the aristocrats. In this regard, Yeonam created and published several Chinese novels with his criticism of the period. The aim of this writing is in particular to seek for the position of Yeonam's criticism of the contradiction and absurdity of the social ideology and reality of his period. Of course, it has not been without the existing research results published in academia on Yeonam's criticism of reality. However, this writing has a clear distinction from the existing research results particularly because the content is being scrutinized focusing on the Daoist context of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu. First of all, this writing paid attention to the differentiation of names out of substance through the relationship of Daoist names and substance, pointed out its limit, and then examined what relationship the limit of a justifiable view of the world had with striking the north by force of his period. In addition, this paper verified the significance of Yeonam's criticism of the period, by criticizing the various kinds of false consciousness of the aristocrats and by critically examining the problems of the absurd social reality inherent in Yeonam's Chinese nobles. In particular, for the criticism of the absurd social reality, the three subjects of the criticism of the various social differentiations that Yeonam paid attention to, that of the harmful effects of the state examination and the selection of fit persons for higher positions, and that of the aristocrat culture represented by 'Red-Paper' have been paid attention to. From the Daoist viewpoint, those Yeonam criticized have the qualities of not being fundamental, in that they are the products of artificial restriction, all being against naturality. Because of these characteristics, Yeonam hoped that the social atmosphere of a living world that would overcome and reject the contradiction and absurdity of reality and revere substance rather than cause would be realized as soon as possible. This understanding of reality Criticism of Yeonam's becomes the basis of overcoming the reality for the image of an ideal world that he dreamed of.