滿鮮歷史地理調査部와 고대 ‘滿鮮歷史地理’ 연구

Abstract

The Manseon Historic–Geographical Research Center was established by Goto Shimpei, the first general director of the Southern Manchuria Railroad Corporation, upon request by Shiratori Kurakichi. Goto Shimpei attached great importance to the custom investigation of land examination, etc. for colonial management by popularizing the term “Shinjang–sik–mujang”. “Shinjang–sik–mujang” shall refer to preparing for invasions into lands (nations) with study facilities and in emergencies, taking additional sides (interests) to help forceful actions. On January 1908 when the Manseon Historic–Geographical Research Center was established, the study of the Manseon history proceeded in earnest. Shiratori Kurakichi was the responsible manager, and Yanai Watari, Matsui Hitoshi, Inaba Iwakhichi, and Seno Umakuma were responsible for the Manchurian history and geography. And from April 1908, Ikheuchi Hiroshi and Tsuda Sokichi were responsible for the Joseon history and geography. All of them were young researchers in their twenties or thirties, and participated in the research division with the advice and recommendation of Shiratori Kurakichi. The research division was provided with plenty of research funds. On March 1914, the Manseon Historic–Geographical Research Center ceased to exist on the ground that it did not conform to the objective of the Manchuria Railroad, which was to pursue business interests. The Manseon Historic–Geographical Research Center published a total of five books including the volumes 1 and 2 of The Manchurian History and Geography, the volumes 1 and 2 of The Joseon History and Geography, and the First Edition No. 1 of The War of Bunrok–Keichyo. The Manchurian History and Geography considered that the dynasties of the Manchurian History went in the order of Goguryeo, Balhae, Liao Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming dynasty, and Qing dynasty. It is the most essential recognition that has become the center of the subsequent studies for the Manchuria History. The main themes of the Manchurian History and Geography were territories and transportation roads, geography at time of wars, etc. of each dynasty that have existed in Manchuria. Each theme vividly showed the features of geography by including maps without any omission. The Joseon History and Geography written by Tsuda Sokichi described the areas and boundaries of various countries, the boundaries of Chinese dynasties, roads at time of wars, etc. ranging from the ‘Kojoseon’ era and the ‘Korea’ era. However, its system and content is not systematic compared to the Manchurian History and Geography. The First Edition No. 1 of The War of Bunrok–Keichyo written by Ikheuchi Hiroshi described the backgrounds of the Japanese invasion called the Imjin War and the conditions prior to the war. It focused on Japanese materials for the ears before the Imjin War without handling the history and geography of the entire Joseon era. It resulted from the limits of collection and arrangement of materials and problems in the author's ability, etc. The volume 1 of The Manchurian History and Geography described the history and geography of Manchuria by era from the Chinese Han era until the Balhae era. Joseon of the Chinese Han described the locations, territories, and movements of the Han4gun. From the Manchuria of the Chinese Han era to the Manchuria of the era of the North and South Dynasties, the locations and territories of the Chinese provinces and counties established in the Manchurian areas were closely studied for historical truths and arranged; and the locations and territories of Ohwan, Seonbi, Buyeo, Eumnu, Goguryeo, Yemaek, and Mulgil located outside of the Chinese provinces or counties were described. By and large, it explained the extent to which the influence of the The volume 1 of The Joseon History and Geography started from reviewing the boundaries of Kojoseon and China by clarifying the location of “Paesu,” and studied the territories of the Three Hands, the boundaries and war areas, and national territories among the Three States, and the territories of Hubaekje in the order of eras. Without relying on the early records of Samguk Sagi (the Chronicles of the Three States), it made descriptions under the premise that the Imnailbonbuseol(the theory of Japanese Headquarter's Control of Imna) should be recognized, in studying the areas and boundary lines of Baekjei, Shilra, and Gaya, and clarified only the portions of activities of the King Gwanggaeto and the King Jangsu in the Korean peninsula.