『三國史記』의 전쟁 표현과 정당성 인식의 차이

Abstract

This article interprets the positive and negative expressions on wars in Samguksagi in relation to the perception of the war legitimacy. Samguksagi was basically narrated in the standpoint of each 本紀’s kingdom. However, positive expressions such as 伐, 征, 討 were relatively frequent in the attacks by the Chinese dynasties and Silla(新羅) in any 本紀. Negative expressions such as 寇, 掠, 奪, 犯 were used very rarely in the attacks of the Chinese dynasties and Silla. Therefore, it can be said that Samguksagi had an image that the Chinese dynasties and Silla were more righteous than Goguryeo(高句麗) and Baekje(百濟) at wars. Goguryeo and Baekje are depicted as illegal aggressors to Silla and the Chinese dynasties, rather than legal conquerors. But they can be legal conquerors to the ‘inferior countries’ such as Malgal(靺鞨) and Wa(倭), and also invaded by those countries. This narrative attitude are related to the perspective on ‘superior country(大國)’ of Kim Busik(金富軾), who was the main editor of Samguksagi. He thought that ‘inferior country(小國)’ should not cause damage to its people by causing war against ‘superior country(大國)’. However, he did not mean that ‘superior country’ was always right, and that ‘inferior country’ had to submit to the unjust war of ‘superior country’. Kim busik has highly appreciated the successful defensive war in the historical comments(史論) of Samguksagi. If the victory is expected and the damage to the people is not severe, he did not deny the ‘war to protect’ even against ‘superior country’. Samguksagi expressed the attack of Silla to Ungjin Commandery(熊津都督府) as a righteous war in spite of the fact that it was a war against ‘superior country’, the Tang(唐) dynasty. It shows that Kim Busik thought that Ungjin Commandery, which was originally Baekje, should have belonged to Silla.