‘복음’이라는 단어의 채택과 의미 변화
The Adoption of ‘the gospel, ‘εὐαγγέλιον’ by Early Christians and Its Meaning.
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기독교의 신앙을 상징하는 단어인 ‘복음’의 원어는 ‘εὐαγγέλιον’이다. 20세기 전반기까지 신약 성경의 ‘복음’은 유대 문화나 그리스-로마 문화의 영향을 받기보다는 독자성을 띠고 있었다는 주장이 유력하였다. 불트만을 비롯한 대다수의 학자들이 이렇게 주장하였다. 이 논문은 구약 성경에서 ‘εὐαγγέλιον’과 그 동족어인 ‘εὐαγγελίζω’를 포함하고 있는 구절들을 분석하여, 신약 성경에서 ‘εὐαγγέλιον’를 주로 사용한 바울과 복음서의 저자가 구약 묵시 종말론의 영향을 받았음을 밝혔다. 그리고 바울 서신과 복음서에서 ‘εὐαγγέλιον’의 의미와 용법을 살펴보았으며, 바울과 복음서의 저자들이 예수를 황제 숭배에서 제시된 황제와 대립하는 존재로 인식하였음을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 바울과 복음서의 저자들이 ‘εὐαγγέλιον을 기독교 신앙을 상징하는 단어로 채택한 것은 황제 숭배에 대한 대립인식을 가졌기 때문이라는 사실을 밝혔다.
Abstract
The original language of ‘the gospel, εὐαγγέλιον’ is a compound word of the adjective ‘εὐ’ that means ‘good’ and ‘αγγέλος’ that means a news messenger. Since the eighth century BC, this word in several literatures was used to refer to ‘good news’. Religious and political tone was added to this word in the third to the first century BC. This word was used to indicate the message that God would send messiah to save the world in Judaic literature. In addition, when the emperor worship was institutionalized in the first century BC, ‘Good News’ became a term which indicates victory, birth, accession of Roman emperor. Then, ‘Good News’ had powerful political meanings. Until the first half of the twenty century, an argument that ‘Good News’ had been unique rather than had been influenced by Greek and Roman culture was opinion of majority. However, Paul and the writer of Gospel of Mark who used the word most frequently didn’t make something out of nothing without Hellenism or Judaism background. Analyzing paragraphs that include ‘εὐαγγέλιον’ and its cognate ‘εὐαγγελίζω’ in the Old Testament, this paper asserted that Paul and the writers of Gospels who usually used ‘εὐαγγέλιον’ in the New Testament were influenced by apocalypticism of the Old Testament. Then, I examined the meaning and usage of ‘εὐαγγέλιον’ in Pauline epistle and the Gospels, and asserted that Paul and writers of the Gospels had appreciated Jesus as someone who had conflicted with emperors. As the result, the reason why Paul and the writers of Gospels selected ‘εὐαγγέλιον’ as a symbol of faith of Christianity was to conflict with emperor worship.
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