‘가마쿠라기 왜구’와 ‘무로마치기 왜구’의 성격과 그 주체 연구

Abstract

The first research on wakou was written by Goto Hideho in the early 20th century. He was a historian who mentioned that wakou began with great confusion cased by Zyokyu's Revolt in 1221. Moreover, Aoyama Koryo and Mori Gasumi supported his view and advanced the same opinions. After 1945, Nakamura Sintaro put forth that Kyusu's coast served as a base for wakou in Japan and the main groups were warriors and fishermen. While, Tanaka Takeo laid out a logical argument that the first wakou started raiding after 1350 and defined these wakou as the first of their kind, Murai Syosuke defined the wakou in the 13th century as Chobalki wakou and left out the wakou of Takeo’s first period. However, considering the division of Japanese history into periods, it would be more appropriate to use the term wakou in the Kamakura period. Kanno’s disturbance broke out in 1350 due to the internal disturbance of the shogunate. This phenomenon triggered the flow of wakou to Goryeo after 1350, which could also be referred to as the wakou of the Muromatsi Period. This period overlapped the end of the Goryeo dynasty, the end of the Yuan dynasty, and the beginning of the Ming dynasty. wakou proliferated throughout coastal East Asia through trade routes which connected the southern and western coasts of the Goryeo to the Shandong peninsula and the eastern coast of China. The main groups of the wakou in the Muromatsi period mainly consisted of Japanese people, fugitives, maritime forces, and Akutou.