14․15세기 초 京畿의 分道와 운용

Abstract

The Gyeonggi area was set up as a provincial area since the fourteenth century. The area featured its division between the area surrounding the capital and the regional area at that time. The military administration system and distribution of goods necessitated the administrative division of the area into two provinces. The status of the are depended upon whether the region was governed by the central government official or the local official. In the late Goryeo period those two types of officials took turns to govern the area, called Gaeseongbu(開城府) and Geaseongyuhu(開城留侯) at the time. This system came originally from a rule which made the local area governed by a central official and local one in turn. After the reign of King Sejong and Sejo, the local authorities came to be run by local officials. By the reign of King Gongyang the Gyeonggi region expanded as a means to give special treatment to meritorious retainers to the new dynasty and was divided into two sub-provinces, Gyeonggiu-do surrounding Gaeseong and Gyeonggijwa-do where was located around the Han and Imjin rivers. Once the region became bigger, its geographical division tended to be made by the north-south divide. The implementation of military and fiscal policies was unbalanced between these two provinces in the early Joseon dynasty. As the national administrative system was on the right track, the government managed to sort out this problem. The government had maintained the division of the Gyeonggi region to which taxation, military and welfare policies were applied. Even though the left-right divide was common in the dichotomy of the region, the north-south divide was also seen on occasions from the reign of King Sejong. The geographical perception of the region was changed as the policies were implemented and amended by various circumstances. This trend led to practical scientists, Silhak scholars, who were attempted to replace the conventional dichotomy of the left-right divide with the north-south divide by the late Joseon period.