張作霖의 滿蒙鐵道 문제에 대한 인식과 대응

Abstract

In 1916, Zhang Zuolin was promoted to a Fengtian General and took control of Fengtian’s highest military power. Japan, which failed to fulfill the ‘Man-Mong Five Railway’ plan through the Beijing government, decided to use his power to realize Japan's plan. After drawing Zhang Zuolin’s active cooperation, the Man-Mong Five Railway was gradually realized through him as planned by Japan. Around this time, Zhang Zuolin continued to maintain a friendly attitude toward Japan through the suppression of the anti-Japanese movement in the Three Northeast Provinces. In particular, in the aftermath of the May 4th Movement of 1919, anti-Japanese movements took place violently in the Three Northeast Provinces. At this time, Zhang Zuolin even took action to shoot students in order to maintain diplomatic relations with Japan. Thus, Zhang Zuolin’s pro-Japanese attitude toward Japan reached its peak. However, Zhang Zuolin’s active pro-Japanese attitude toward Japan began to change little by little as a movement to resist Japan after experiencing the Lushun and Dalian Return Movement in 1922 and the opposition to the joint co-construction of the Tiandao Railway in 1923. And this movement of resistance to Japan led to the construction of the Northeast Railway, which was pushed to prevent Japan’s invasion of railroad rights. In May 1924, Zhang Zuolin established the Transportation Committet of he Three Northeast Provinces and led the construction of the Northeast Railway. Since then, Zhang Zuolin has taken a strong stance against Japan to protect Northeast Samsung's railway rights and interests. When the Tanaka Cabinet was newly launched in Japan in April 1927, the Eastern Conference was held from June to July, and the construction of the Man-Mong 7 Railway was planned in accordance with the Man-Mong separation policy. Under Japan’s threat to implement various unfavorable measures such as political and economic control or sanctions against the Three Northeast Provinces, Zhang Zuolin inevitably chose to compromise with Japan in the direction of building five new railways, the ‘Man-Mong New 5 Railway’. In this process, a large-scale anti-Japanese movement occurred again in Fengtian, and Zhang Zuolin turned to suppress the anti-Japanese movement for fear of losing Japanese aid. But the process of this compromise was quite reserved, the draft agreement of the Man-Mong New 5 Railway was signed with the word “reading”, and in the process of the agreement the contract was delayed for several months due to a unique delay tactic.