일본 내부 ‘우익’의 차이성과 천황국가론

Abstract

Okawa Shumei and Minoda Muneki tried to have conversations with the world by commonly recognizing human universality about “language and life”. However, Okawa Shumei established the psychological value of Japan in a way to compromise the “western theory” and Japanese Confucian characteristics. On the other hand, Minoda Muneki considered Marxism or Hegelianism in the west as “superstition created by modern language” and criticized Marxism, Hegelianism and Kantianism through Wundt who established the psychological structuralism in the west. During the process, he argued for the Japanese dialectic logic called “Shikishimanomichi”. The eclecticism or theory of blending in the West and the East argued by Okawa Shumei was not blending and convergence of two cultures, and Japanese “ethics or personality and idealism” discovered in ‘confusion’ was reviewed, leading to the logical structure to invent the modern logic of filial piety. On the other hand, Minoda Muneki removed blending from the western philosophy such as the logics of Marx or Kant or Hegel by borrowing psychological structure as a new western theory. By substituting the previous Japanese theories with new theories, he researched the logic of new “Kannakaranomichi.” This appeared that Okawa Shumei and Minoda Muneki were in confrontation with separatism and unionism of the heaven(天), which was a hostile relationship separated and opposed between social separation and unionism logic. They were strongly conflicting in separation of the concepts of loyalty and filial duty. As the pure Japanese logic of “religion=loyalty” by Okawa Shumei who criticized the emphasis only on the institutional aspect of Emperor Meiji linked to “religion=ethics” to the theory of root of life, while Minoda Muneki argued that the heaven(天) was not something to be separated but there were the nation of Japanese Emperor, Shikishimanomichi and Kannakaranomichi, and they were appeared in the royal writing(御製) by Emperor Meiji as a system. While Marxism, communism or anarchism in the west were calculated as the “deceiving means(詐術) of language”, Kannakaranomichi of Japan was concluded to be the “principle of experience” of human linked to the Emperor. Ultimately, Okawa Shumei and Minoda Muneki discussed language, life, loyalty and filial duty and theoretically confronted in opposite stances bout the west and Japan, the whole and parts, blending of nation and individuals and dialectic. That created the Emperor=independent utilitarianism as the Japanese dialectic totalitarianism through the representative parts of the entire Japan, unity of nation and individuals and blending and dialectic.