天保竹島一件における松島(独島)に対する日本の領有権論爭

Abstract

In the 1830s Hachiemon, who lived in Hamada, Iwami Province, was smuggled to Takeshima (Ulleungdo), and the Tenpo Takeshima Affair thus occurred. He received secret permission from Hamada Domain, and smuggled natural resources from Takeshima, but was arrested and executed in 1836. In this regard, Tsukamoto Takashi applied the Affair to the Dokdo issue by drawing out the old view of the Japanese government during the 1950s debate over Dokdo between the Korean and Japanese governments. He asserted that Hachiemon nominally planned to travel to Matsushima (Dokdo), but instead travelled to Takeshima as shown in the judgment of this case. Thus the route to Matsushima was not a problem, and Japanese awareness of Matsushima as the territory of Japan persisted throughout the Edo period. In response, Ikeuchi Satoshi claimed that travel to Matsushima had been banned because the Tempo-Takeshima Ban in 1837 was based on the Genroku-Takeshima Ban of 1696. However, the Tempo-Takeshima Ban mistakenly recorded that the Shogun during the Genroku period transferred ownership of Takeshima to Joseon. This misunderstood the historical facts. Thus, Ikeuchi's arguments are not sufficient, and it is necessary to confirm how the Shogunate succeeded with the Genroku Ban, and also to investigate how the Shogunate perceived Matsushima. This paper improves Ikeuchi's argument on the basis of the text Tenpo Senyoruishu by the Edo Magistrate's office. The Shogunate had a special interest in Matsushima's belongings, and inquiring of Tsushima Domain found that Matsushima, which was near Takeshima, was banned during the Genroku period, and that Ulleungdo and Usando were depicted on the Korea map. Based on this information, officials in the Hyojosho, the Supreme Justice Institution of the Shogunate, composed a map in which Takeshima and Matsushima were painted in red, similar to the mainland of Joseon. This was in accordance with a judgment issued by the Osaka Magistrate's office to map the two islands in Korean territory in the Takeshima Direction Chart. As such, the Tempo Takeshima Affair is a case in which the Shogunate clearly recognized Matsushima (Dokdo) as Korean land.