여성주의 경제학의 대안적 연구 동향과 비전
A Survey on Alternative Development and Future Directions of Feminist Economics
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초록
2015년 현재 대한민국은 ‘여성 혐오’와 ‘남성주의’가 등장할 만큼 여성권이 신장되었고, 여성 문제를 해결하고 양성평등의 사회적 여건을 만들기 위한 제도적 발전도 이루었다. 그러나 현실 속의 여성 문제는 여전히 해결되고 있지 않다는 것이 중론이다. 이는 단지 경제적 영역뿐 아니라 사회 전 영역에서 확인되고 있다. 제도적인 발전에 비해 미약한 여성 현실의 변화는 낮은 출산율과 높은 이혼율 등으로 한국 사회의 장기적인 발전을 위협하고 있다. 경제적 측점에서 보자면 여성은 여전히 소득과 부의 불평등 속에 있고, 차별적인 상황 속에서 경제 활동을 하고 있다. 이러한 경제 문제를 집중적으로 연구하는 분야가 여성주의 경제학이다. 그리고 지금까지 여성주의 경제학은 짧은 연혁에도 불구하고 여성 문제 해결에 많은 시사점을 제공했다. 본 연구는 제도적 평등만 아니라 현실적 평등을 이루기 위해 지금까지 이루어진 여성주의 경제학의 발전을 배경으로 최근 여성주의 경제학의 대안적 연구 동향을 살펴보고 앞으로의 발전 방향을 모색한다. 이를 위해 먼저 여성주의와 여성주의 경제학의 현재 상황과 전개 과정에서 나타난 문제점과 한계, 딜레마를 지적한다. 아울러 이를 극복하기 위한 대안과 비전을 제시한다. 다음으로 여성주의 경제학의 최근 경향을 이론적인 측면과 현실 적용의 측면에서 살펴본다. 이론적 연구 동향으로는 여성주의의 이론적 지평에 새롭게 등장한 사회경제학, 포스트 케인지언 경제학, 역량 접근법 및 포스트 발전론을 배경으로 한 경제 분석을 살펴본다. 다음으로 현실 문제를 해명하는 여성주의 경제학의 최근 경향을 경제성장과 위기 문제, 세계화 문제, 생태경제 문제, 연대 경제, 퀴어 및 사회적 약자 문제, 제 3세계 페미니즘 속에서 살펴본다. 이를 통해 여성주의 경제학의 앞으로의 지향점에 대해서 논의한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the current trend and future direction of feminist economics. Feminist economics is a kind of critical study of economics including not only its methodology and epistemology but also its history and empirical study. It seeks to produce more gender-aware economics and overcome gender discrimination. Most of Feminist economics focus on topics as follows: women’s work, engendered forms of data collection and measurement such as the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), and gender-aware economic theories, models and policies. In recent years, not only feminism, but also feminist economics is in a state of crisis and thus needs a new vision in its theories and practices. Feminist movements achieved a institutional development of gender equality in most countries. However, real-life situations of women are still considerably discriminatory. This fact has been detected not only in economic areas but also in the whole society. From an economic perspective, women are still facing inequality in terms of income, wealth and working conditions. We deem that feminist economics can be very attractive not only as economics for women, but also as the alternative economics that has the key to solve overall economic problems. Unfortunately, nowadays, feminism is in a dilemma as there are controversies. Some people argue that this society does not need feminism anymore, because the goal of movement which is “gender equality,” has been already achieved. On the other hand, some think totally contrary to the former argument. These people argue that we still need feminism because of gender discrimination that has not yet been resolved in today's society. Likewise, Feminist economics is facing a similar dilemma. Therefore, from now on, what we have to do is to seek a new prospect and vision of feminist economics. In order to find the possibility of feminist economics, this study deals with the discussion about recent trends of feminist economics. To enumerate, this study, first of all, describes why feminism and feminist economics are in the state of dilemma. Next, this study examines the recent development of alternative feminist economics with Socio-economics, Post Keynesian, capability approach and Post deployment argument. Then, it analyzes the practice of feminist economics with eco-feminism, globalization, queer economy and third world feminism. Finally, it suggests the future direction of feminist economics.
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