홍성 고산사 소조아미타불좌상의 내부 구조에 관한 고찰
A Study on the Internal Structure of the Clay Amitabha Buddha at Gosansa Temple in Hongseong
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초록
홍성 고산사 소조아미타여래좌상은 2023년 발생한 화재에 대피하다 손상이 발생되어 대책을 수립하기 위해 보존과학 조사를 실시하였고 소조불상 내부에서 철조불상을 발견하였다. 본 논문은 홍성 고산사 아미타불좌상의 내부 구조 및 재료에 대해 과학적으로 조사하고, 제작 방법 및 조성 시기를 추정하는데 목적이 있다. 철조불상의 구조와 상태를 파악하기 위해 X선 촬영, 전자현미경, X선 회절분석 등을 실시하였다. 먼저 표면 금박층의 관찰 결과 시편 1의 황동박층이 시편 2에서는 확인되지 않고, 시편 2의 두번째 금박층이 시편 1에서는 확인되지 않아 최소한 2번 이상의 수리를 거친 것으로 보인다. 또한, 소조불상 바닥면의 육안 관찰 결과, 철조불상의 손상된 부분을 지지하기 위해 내부와 외부에 흙(소조토)를 덧대었다. XRD분석 결과 안쪽면 흙에서 미사장석(Microcline)이 검출되어 내부 흙은 고온 소성된 적이 없는 것으로 보인다. X선 투과사진 촬영 결과, 고산사 소조아미타불좌상 내부에 있는 철조불상은 일부에서 손상이 확인되지만, 불두와 양쪽 팔을 비롯한 상반신과 하반신이 모두 남아 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 홍성 고산사 소조아미타불상은 내부의 철조불상이 알 수 없는 이유로 크게 손상되어 그대로 봉안해 둘 수 없게 되자 표면에 흙을 붙여 소조불상으로 바꾸어 조성하였으며, 철조불상을 소조불상으로 수리한 시점은 조선 전기로 생각된다.
Abstract
A conservation science analysis was conducted as a countermeasure as damage was made to the seated clay Amitabha Buddha in Gosansa Temple in Hongseong while evacuating from a fire in 2023, and we checked the internal structure, an iron Buddha was found inside the clay Buddha statue. This article aims to investigate the internal structure and materials of the seated clay Amitabha Buddha in Gosansa Temple, and to estimate the manufacturing method and the time of creation. X-ray photograph analysis, Scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed to analyze the internal structure of the clay Buddha. The observation results of the Buddha’s gilded layer, the brass gilded layer of sample 1 was not found in sample 2, and the second gilded layer of sample 2 was not found in sample 1. It appears that at least two repairs had been conducted. The microcline was detected inside the clay. It appears to be clay inside that has never been baked at high temperatures. As a result of X-ray photograph analysis, it was confirmed that some of the iron Buddha, inside the clay Amitabha Buddha statue in Gosansa Temple, was damaged, but all of the upper, including the head and both arms, and some lower bodies remained intact. It seems that the clay was put on the inside of the Buddha and outside to support the damaged part. Based on the above analysis, the iron Buddha must have been so damaged that it was impossible to enshrine, and, clay was attached to the surface and changed into a clay Buddha statue, which is thought that the iron Buddha was remade to the Clay Buddha statue in the early Joseon Dynasty.
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