애덤 스미스：사회적 평판의 경제심리, 수요 및 경제성장
Adam Smith on Consumption with regard to Social Esteem and Economic Growth
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초록
스미스는 경제성장 과정에서 생산·공급측면의 역할 뿐만 아니라 수요측면이 수행하는 역할을 중시한다. 본 연구는 스미스 성장론에서 수요측면을 동시에 고려한 기존의 연구를 확대·보완하고자 시도했다. 첫째, 스미스의 산업구조의 고도화에 관한 논의에서 수요측면의 역할은 생산·공급측면과는 부분적이나마 ‘독립적’으로 존재한다. 사회의 집단적 동감과 평판을 고려하는 사회심리와 이를 반영한 경제활동은 우연하고 일시적으로 발생하는 것이 아니라 인간의 천성(天性)으로부터 비롯되는 견고한 미시적 토대를 지닌다. 둘째, 스미스는 경제성장 과정에서 나타나는 산업구조의 경로변화를 다루는 경제학적 분석에서 사회적 지위와 차별화에 대한 고려로부터 비롯되는 소비패턴이 제조품에 대한 사회적 차원의 수요를 한계 없이 증가시킬 수 있다고 본다. 셋째, 산업구조의 변화 경로와 관련하여 사회적 평판과 수요측면이 수행하는 역할은 경제 진보의 ‘이론적’ 및 ‘역사적’ 과정에 대한 스미스의 논의에서 모두 중요하다.
Abstract
This paper is designed to show that demand forces, or more specifically, the taste and preference structure of consumers are a key to Smith's explanation of the process of economic growth. Smith argues in the Theory of Moral Sentiments that men have a propensity to overestimate the pleasures of wealth relative to the sorrows arising from its lack. This psychological endowment leads us to work harder for wealth, have a taste for positional goods, and see the so-called bandwagon effects by mass. In respect of Smith's theory of economic growth, this proposition acts as one important assumption, which furnishes the propelling force for a taste for manufactured goods much more than a taste for agricultural goods. That helps stationary agricultural economies escape from a lower stage of development and manufactures take the lead among industries, promoting progressive economic growth. The role that demand forces play like this finds itself in both Smith's framework of development economics and historical generalizations concerning economic growth.
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