경제성장과 적정 소득불균등
Economic Growth and Income Inequality
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본 연구는 경제성장에 대한 소득불균등의 영향과 관련하여 경제성장을 최대화하는 적정한 수준의 소득불균등도가 있으며 그 적정 수준은 각국의 경제 및 사회적 특성에 따라 다르다는 관점에서 접근한다. 본고는 이를 실증적으로 검증하기 위해 국가를 소득수준별로 나누어 패널회귀분석을 수행하였다. 실증분석을 수행한 결과, 저소득 국가 그룹의 경우 대체로 적정 소득불균등도가 실제 소득불균등도보다 낮으나, 고소득 국가에서는 적정 소득불균등도가 실제 소득불균등도와 유사하게 도출되었다. 적정 소득불균등도에 영향을 주는 요인에 관해 실증분석을 수행한 결과, 경제발전 정도의 상승은 저소득 국가와 고소득 국가 모두에서 적정 소득불균등도를 높이는 방향으로 영향을 주었다. 인구수의 증가는 저소득 국가에서 적정 소득불균등도를 높이지만, 고소득 국가에서는 이를 낮추는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 무역의존도의 상승은 고소득 국가에서 적정 소득불균등도를 낮추는 효과가 있으며, 민간부채의 증가는 저소득 국가를 중심으로 적정 소득불균등도를 낮추는 방향으로 영향을 주었다.
Abstract
Regarding effects of income inequality on economic growth, this paper approaches the subject from the point of view that there is an adequate level of income inequality that maximizes economic growth, and that the adequate level differs depending on the economic and social characteristics of each country. In order to empirically test this, this paper carried out a panel regression analysis by dividing countries with different income levels. The result of empirical analysis shows that the adequate level of income inequality is generally lower than the actual level of income inequality in the low-income countries, but in the high-income countries, the level of adequate income inequality is similar to the actual level of income inequality. The result of empirical analysis on factors affecting the adequate level of income inequality shows that an increase in the degree of economic development raises the level of adequate income inequality in both low and high income countries. An increase in population raises the adequate level of income inequality in low-income countries, but lowers it in high-income countries. An increase in trade openness lowers the adequate level of income inequality in high-income countries, and an increase in private debt lowers the adequate income inequality, mainly in low-income countries.
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