조선시대 宗廟署 관원 연구

Abstract

In the Joseon Dynasty, Jongmyoseo officials were divided into concurrent officials and dedicated officials. Among the concurrent officials of Jongmyoseo, the post of chief supervisor (都提調) was reserved for first-rank officials, both retired and incumbent, while the post of supervisor (提調) was appointed to second-rank officials, which was the final arrangement. In addition, there was a rule for the supervisors of Jongmyoseo that they had to have previous experience as ministers of Samsa (三司) in order to be appointed. The main duties of the chief supervisor and supervisor of Jongmyoseo could be divided into two main areas. First, they were responsible for inspecting the working conditions of Jongmyoseo officials and evaluating their performance through evaluations conducted in cooperation with high-ranking officials from the Ministry of Rites. Second, they inspected and confirmed whether there were any problems with Jongmyoseo on a regular and irregular basis. The chief supervisor and supervisor, together with the high-ranking officials of the Ministry of Rites, conducted inspections of the jongmyo, and if the results indicated that repairs were necessary, they supervised the repair work with the high-ranking officials of the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Taxation, and the Ministry of Public Works. In addition, the chief supervisor and the supervisor of Jongmyoseo were responsible for overseeing almost all matters related to Jongmyo, including the maintenance of regulations, the management of divine symbols, ceremonial vessels, ritual requisites, and the compilation of records related to Jongmyo. The dedicated officials of Jongmyoseo were regulated to be one each of Yeong (5th rank), Jikjang (7th rank), Bongsa (8th rank), and Bubongsa (9th rank), for a total of four officials, as stipulated in the Gyeongguk daejeon (經國大典). During the reign of King Yeongjo, this policy underwent several changes. First, in the Jeungbo Jeonrok Tonggo (增補典錄通考) compiled around 1740, the quota for jikjang increased, while those for bongsa and bubongsa decreased. Then, in 1741, one Jikjang was promoted to Yeong. Finally, in Sokdaejeon (續大典), one Bubongsa was reinstated, resulting in a final arrangement of two Yeongs, one Jikjang, and one Bubongsa. The most important duty of the dedicated officials was the night duty. The night officials inspected the outside of the royal court and Yeongnyeongjeon every day for any abnormalities, and if they found any, they reported them to the chief supervisor and supervisor. In addition, during the reign of King Yeongjo, rules were established for the night officials to inspect within Jeongjeon and Yeongnyeongjeon. Meanwhile, in the Jongmyo Uigwe (宗廟儀軌), the specific duties of Jikjang, Bongsa, and Bubongsa of Jongmyoseo were clearly documented, while there was no mention of the duties assigned to Jongmyo Yeong. This reflects that Yeong did not handle administrative tasks such as personnel or resource management, since the official was responsible for preparing and conducting the ritual proceedings at Jongmyo.