도설로 본 조선시대 宗廟와 永寧殿의 변화

Abstract

“Jong’myo” is the shrine of a dynasty’s Royal family, where the tablets of deceased kings and queens were enshrined, and memorial services for them were held. It was also called “Tae’myo(太廟)” in the past. Dynastic shrines of the premodern periods were where the essence of Confucian culture was kept. All the values revered in Confucian culture, filial piety and loyal obligation, as well as protocols and music, were all observed and abided by, in the operation of these shrines. The Dynastic shrine of Joseon was constructed, based upon Ye’gi(禮記)’s notion of ‘Vassal state observing Five chambers[五廟],’ and upon Ju’rye(周禮)’s instruction to create a “Sajik(Spirits of land and grains) space on the right and a dynastic shrine on the left.” The former allowed Joseon [as any other ‘vassal state’] to enshrine the tablets of the founder king and his ancestors representing four generations before him, while the latter dictated that the Joseon royal family should build a dynastic shrine to the left of the main palace Gyeongbok-gung. When King Taejo first established the Dynastic Shrine, inside the walls there was a 7-sectioned(chambers) Main hall(正殿). Later during King Myeongjong’s reign, 4 sections were added. Due to the war with Japan in the 1590s that left the shrine in ruins, later it was reconstructed with a 11-sectioned(chambers) main hall. Then, decades later King Yeongjo ordered addition of 4 more sections. And after Heonjong added 4 sections, again, the Main hall became a 19-sectioned structure. Other than the Dynastic shrine, there was a Yeong’nyeong-jeon(永寧殿) hall where tablets of past kings and queens were enshrined, and services were held. This hall was constructed during king Sejong’s reign in order to commemorate founder king Taejo’s four ancestors, who were named Mokjo(穆祖)･Ikjo(翼祖)･Dojo (度祖) and Hwanjo(桓祖). Other than the original number of sections(chambers) inside the main hall, which was four, 4 flank chambers(夾室) were positioned on both the left and right sides. Later, Yeong’nyeong-jeon became a facility where tablets, whose term of enshrinement inside the dynastic shrine ‘expired’[親盡], would be enshrined forever. When the main hall of the dynastic shrine was destroyed due to Japanese invasion in the 1590s, Yeong’nyeong-jeon was incinerated as well. And when it was reconstructed, the number of flank chambers was increased from two to three on both sides. The number of flank chambers on both sides was again changed to four during Hyeonjong’s reign, with 4 chambers of the main hall at the center. During Heonjong’s reign, number of flank chambers jumped again to 6, on both sides.