고려시대 외침과 강원지역의 성곽방어체제 재정비

Abstract

One of the most important military aspects in the pre-modern era were organizing fortress wall facilities, which play a key role in defensive battles. When defending borders or regions, and to delay the advance of invaders while buying time for friendly forces to prepare for prolonged battles, fortresses were essential. Such fortress walls were organized in various shapes depending on their functions. For military aspects, it was necessary to be able to successfully defend the walls, but they continuously transformed depending on the type of battle or war. During the age of the Goryeo Dynasty, they were invaded by various aggressors such as the Khitan, Mongolia, Jurchen, Kadan, Red Turbans, and Japan, and in response to such ongoing invasions, Goryeo reorganized their entire fortress systems. There are many studies on the fortress walls during the Goryeo Dynasty, but there are very few studies related to that of the Gangwon Province. While previous studies contributed to the enhancement of understanding on organizing defense facilities in specific areas and on individual fortress wall relics, they were insufficient for understanding the overall mode of transformation of fortress defense systems of the Goryeo Dynasty. Understanding on the change of the overall fortress wall defenses is essential to make a more rational approach compared to the archaeological chronologies of individual fortress relics. Thus, this study examined the changes in the Gangwon Province in the process of the Goryeo Dynasty reacting to numerous aggressions and invasions focusing on this. The process of invasion and reorganization of defense facilities in the Gangwon Province of the Goryeo Dynasty can be divided into three periods as follows. The first period is when the Liao Dynasty founded by the Khitan and the Jurchens invaded, and it reorganized the defense facilities along the east coast, while building numerous small-scale fortress walls. The second period is when the Post-Liao (Khitan) and Mongolia invaded, and most of the major hub fortresses of various regions were moved to high mountains, while some residents living on the coasts took refuge on islands and built new fortress walls there. The Unified Silla Kingdom period is when the regional fortress wall defense systems underwent fundamental changes. The third period is when the Red Turbans and the Japanese invaded, and town fortresses (eupseong), which was a new type of fortress walls, began being built in coastal areas. Fortress walls were installed (or existing fortresses were repaired or extended) in regions that connected the coastal areas to continental areas.