고려시대 강원지역에 대한 왜구의 침탈과 대응

Abstract

The disastrous plunder of Japanese pirate raiders for 40 years of late Goryeo became a cause of the destruction of Goryeo. During the period, they invaded Gangwon and Hamgyeong provinces as well as southern and western coasts of Goryeo. In particular, the raiders progressed into inland from 1380 onward eventually marching on to the capital area Gaegyeong(開京). This raised an argument of transferring the capital(遷都論). It was in June, 1352 at Gangneung-do when Japanese pirate raiders first appeared in Gangwon province. This place might be in present day Gangneung. In 1372, they advanced to Anbyeon, Hamju, Gangneung and Youngdeok. And in 1374, Gangneung, Yangyang, Samcheok and Hoiyang were under attack. The reason why they invaded Gangwon area in 1370s was because they gave up sea-route based Jo-un(漕運) system and they started to take land route transportation instead. This tendency continued to spread out toward further inland. In 1381, Japanese pirate raiders appeared on the coastal area of Gangneung, Uljin, Samcheok and Pyenghae, followed by inland attack in 1382 to the extent of Youngweol, Wonju and Hoiyang. Finally the whole area of Gangwon up to Youngwol, Jeongseon, Yanggu, Hongcheon, Chuncheon and Gapyeong were raided by the year of 1383. Some raiders of Youngweol were actually pseudo-raiders(假倭) whose identity must not be regarded as Japanese pirate raiders. Whereas the news of raiders invasion toward Gangwon province disappeared in 1382 with the Yangyang and Pyeonghea haunting as the last spell, there was a continual invasion of Japanese pirate raiders toward Gangwon province during the Chosun period. Meanwhile, Goryeo responded to the raids of Gangwon with reshuffle of military system, reinstatement of navy and renovation of weapon system. The government also dispatched troops led by Yi Seonggye to repress the raiders, and reconstructed and built 19 fortresses in the eastern coast of Chosun.