본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 성별 및 전공의 조절효과를 중심으로

The Moderating Effects of Gender and Major on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intention

0

조회

0

다운로드

33

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

한국 대학졸업자들의 실업은 최근 아주 심각한 수준인데 이들의 기업가정신 및 창업의도를 진작시킬 수 있는 요인을 찾아내는 연구는 매우 필요하다. 여성창업자과 이공계창업자들이 점점 늘어나고 있는데 반해 성별과 전공의 차이에 따른 창업관련 변수들의 차이를 검증한 실증연구는 아직 부족한 편이다. 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이들 관계에서 성별과 전공(이공계, 비이공계)의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 국내외를 통해 기업가정신의 다양한 요인들과 창업의도 간의 관계에 대해서는 수많은 연구가 발표되었다. 하지만, 기업가정신과 창업의도의 관계에서 성별과 전공(이공계, 비이공계)의 조절효과를 검증한 논문은 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 강원지역 대학생들을 대상으로 400부의 설문지가 배포되었고 결측치를 제외한 339부가 최종적으로 분석에 사용되었다. 본 실증분석을 통해 밝혀진 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 많은 선행 실증연구에서 확인한 바와 같이 대학생의 기업가정신은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설이 지지됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 있어서 성별의 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 기업가정신이 남녀 모두에 있어 창업의도에 정(+)의 상관관계를 가지지만 그 영향력은 남성에 비해 여성이 더 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 대학생의 기업가정신과 창업의도와의 관계에서 전공(이공계, 비이공계)의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향력이 비이공계 전공 대학생보다 이공계 전공 대학생이 더 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 여성과 이공계 대학생의 기업가정신을 진작하는 것이 효과적이라는 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다.

Abstract

Youth unemployment including college graduates has become more serious in recent years. It is very necessary to study the factors affecting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. These days, the number of female entrepreneurs has been increased dramatically. There have been many successful entrepreneurs with technology background in Korea. Until now, there have been not so many empirical studies examining moderating effects of gender and college major. A lot of studies have examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of college students. The purpose of this article is to examine gender and major as moderators in the relationship. Until now, there has been very few research investigating the moderating effects of gender and major on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Survey questionaries were given to 400 college students randomly chosen in Gangwon-do. Finally, 334 surveys were used to analyze the relationship. The findings of our study are as follows. First, similar to previous studies, entrepreneurial orientation of college students has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, participation both in school entrepreneurship courses and out of school entrepreneurship education does positively affect entrepreneurial intention. Gender and major are moderating variables between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Third, compared to male students, female students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, compared to Non-STEM students, STEM students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Thus, in order to improve entrepreneurial intention among college students, it is very important to develop entrepreneurial orientation, especially for female and STEM college students.

참고문헌 (74)

  1. 권영국, "외식관련전공 대학생의 창업동기가 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 성별의 조절효과를 중심으로", Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 19(4), pp.193~210 (2013), (사)한국조리학회[DOI]
  2. 김선우, "기술기반 창업 활성화를 위한 이공계 창업교육에 관한 연구", 공학교육연구, 18(2), pp.3~7 (2015), 한국공학교육학회[DOI]
  3. 김성경, "대학신입생의 스트레스와 학교적응에 관한 연구", 청소년학연구, 10(2), pp.215~237 (2003), 한국청소년학회
  4. 김성순, "한국과 중국의 잠재적 창업가의 창업의지에 관한 비교연구", 박사, 벤처경영, pp.2010
  5. 김영중, "대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 외식경영연구, 17(2), pp.7~26 (2014), 한국외식경영학회
  6. 나중덕, "여성창업기업의 환경 및 경영자의 특성, 협력활동이 성과에 미치는 영향", 중소기업연구, 26(1), pp.175~202 (2004), 한국중소기업학회
  7. 박남규, "정부의 창업지원정책이 창업가의 기업가정신 및 창업의지에 미치는 영향", 벤처창업연구, 10(6), pp.89~98 (2015), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  8. 배병윤, "대학생의 조절초점성향이 기업가정신 및 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 벤처창업연구, 10(6), pp.215~223 (2015), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  9. 배병윤, "대학생의 조절초점 성향이 기업가지향성, 창업동기 및 창업의지에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 한국창업학회지, 13(2), pp.29~52 (2018), 한국창업학회[DOI]
  10. 심용호, "기술 창업자와 창업 조력자 간 창업 성공요인의 인식차이에 관한 연구", 벤처창업연구, 10(2), pp.43~57 (2015), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  11. 윤남수, "잠재적 창업자의 창업동기 요인이 기업가정신 및 창업의지에 미치는 영향 : 기업가정신의 매개효과", 산업경제연구, 25(2), pp.1537~1557 (2012), 한국산업경제학회[DOI]
  12. 이민화, "창조경제" (2011), 북콘서트
  13. 이용길, "대학생의 취업스트레스와 진로결정효능감 분석 - 공학 및 사회계열을 중심으로", 공학교육연구, 14(2), pp.60~67 (2011), 한국공학교육학회[DOI]
  14. 이주헌, "창업동기와 창업의사결정에 관한 연구", 중소기업연구, 30(1), pp.93~116 (2008), 한국중소기업학회
  15. 이지우, "개인특성과 창업의지 사이의 관계", 중소기업연구, 22(10), pp.121~146 (2000)
  16. 전방지, "여성 중소기업인의 창업과 경영방식-우리나라와 미국의 경험-", 중소기업연구, 24(2), pp.3~88 (2002), 한국중소기업학회
  17. 정연우, "청소년 창업교육과 창업의지에 관한 연구", 한국창업학회지, 3(1), pp.45~67 (2008), 한국창업학회[DOI]
  18. 정희선, "여성기업의 경영특성 연구", 덕성여자대학교 사회과학연구, 7, pp.197~221 (2002)
  19. 과학기술분야 졸업생의 취업 및 산업별 전공-직종구조 분석, "조황희", STEPI 과학기술정책연구원, 1~169, pp.정책연구, 2002-16 (2002)
  20. Aiken, L. S., "Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions" (1991), Sage
  21. Ajzen, I., "The Theory of Planned Behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp.179~211 (1991)
  22. Arenius, P., "Perceptual Variables and Nascent Entrepreneurship", Small Business Economics, 24(3), pp.233~247 (2005)
  23. Baron, R. M., "The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), pp.1173~1182 (1986)
  24. Bird, B., "Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention", Academy of management Review, 13(3), pp.442~453 (1988)
  25. Bruyat, C., "Defining the Field of Research in Entrepreneurship", Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), pp.165~180 (2001)
  26. Cantillon, R., "Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en General", Fetcher Gyler
  27. Chaganti, R., "Management in Women-owned Enterprises", Journal of Small Business Management, 24, pp.18~ (1986)
  28. Cho, Y. H., "Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurial Education, and Performance", Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), pp.124~134 (2018)
  29. Coleman, S., "Access to Capital and Terms if Credit : A Comparison of Men and Women-owned Small Business", Journal of Small Business Management, 38(3), pp.34~46 (2000)
  30. Covin, J. G., "Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments", Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), pp.75~87 (1989)
  31. Crant, J. M., "The Proactive Personality Scale as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions", Journal of Small Business Management, 34(3), pp.42~49 (1996)
  32. Davis, J. L., "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Managerial Power", American Journal of Business, 25(2), pp.41~54 (2010)
  33. Deng, S., "Female Entrepreneurs doing Business in Asia: A Special Investigation", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise, 12(2), pp.60~80 (1995)
  34. Donckels, R., "Education and Entrepreneurship Experience from Secondary and University Education in Belgium", Journal of Small Business, 9(1), pp.35~42 (1991)
  35. Douglas, E. J., "Self-employment as a Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization", Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 26(3), pp.81~90 (2002)
  36. Fielden, S. L., "Entrepreneurship and Social Inclusion", Women in Management Review, 19(3), pp.139~142 (2004)
  37. Gartner, W. B., "What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship?", Journal of Business venturing, 5(1), pp.15~28 (1990)
  38. Gist, M. E., "Self-efficacy: a Theoretical Analysis of its Determinants and Malleability", Academy of Management Review, 17(2), pp.183~211 (1992)
  39. Guerrero, M., "The Impact of Desirability and Feasibility on Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Structural Equation Model", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(1), pp.35~50 (2008)
  40. Hair, J. F., "Multivariate Data Analysis" (2010), Prentice Hall
  41. Hayek, F. A., "The Use of Knowledge in Society", American Economic Review, 35(4), pp.519~530 (1945)
  42. Haynes, G. W., "The Debt Structure of Small Business owned by Women in 1987 and 1993", Journal of Small Business Management, 37(2), pp.1~19 (1999)
  43. Kim, M. S., "Relationships among Attitudes, Behavioral Intentions, and Behavior: A Meta-analysis of Past Research, part 2", Communication Research, 20(3), pp.331~364 (1993)
  44. Kirzner, I. M., "Competition and Entrepreneurship" (1973), University of Chicago Press
  45. Knight, F. H., "Risk, Uncertainty and Profit" (1921), Houghton Mifflin
  46. Kolvereid, L., "Entrepreneurship among Business Graduates: Does a Major in Entrepreneurship Make a Difference?", Journal of European Industrial Training, 21(4), pp.154~160 (1997)
  47. Krueger, N. F., "Competing models of Entrepreneurial Intentions", Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), pp.411~432 (2000)
  48. Kuttim, M., "Entrepreneurship Education at University Level and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, pp.658~668 (2014)
  49. Lee, S. M., "Impact of Entrepreneurial Education: A Comparative Study of the U.S. and Korea", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(1), pp.27~43 (2005)
  50. Levenburg, N. M., "Interdisciplinary Dimensions in Entrepreneurship", Journal of Education for Business, 81(5), pp.275~281 (2006)
  51. Lumpkin, G. T., "Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance", Academy of Management Review, 21(1), pp.135~172 (1996)
  52. Lussier, R. N., "A Nonfinancial Business Success versus Failure Prediction Model for Young Firms", Journal of Small Business Management, 33(1), pp.8~20 (1995)
  53. Masters, R., "Sex Differences and Risk-taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs", Journal of Small Business Management, 26(1), pp.31~ (1988)
  54. McGrath, R. G., "Falling Forward: Real Options Reasoning and Entrepreneurial Failure", Academy of Management Review, 24(1), pp.13~30 (1999)
  55. Miller, D., "The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms", Management Science, 29(7), pp.770~791 (1983)
  56. Mises, L. V., "Human Action: A Treatise on Economics" (1949), Yale University Press
  57. Moore, D. P., "An Examination of Present Research on the Female Entrepreneur–Suggested Research Strategies for 1990’s’", Journal of Business Ethics, 9(4, pp.5) (1990), 275~281
  58. Noel, T. W., "Effects of Entrepreneurial Education on Intent to Open a Business: an Exploratory Study", Journal of Entrepreneurial Education, 5, pp.3~13 (2002)
  59. North, D. C., "Institution, institutional change, and economic performance" (1990), Cambridge University Press
  60. Peterman, N., "Enterprise Education: Influencing Students’ Perception of Entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 28(2), pp.129~142 (2003)
  61. Rosa, P., "Gender and the Commercialization of University Science: Academic Founders of Spinout Companies", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 18(4), pp.341~366 (2006)
  62. Schumpeter, J. A., "The Theory of Economic Development" (1934), Harvard University Press
  63. Sexton, D. L., "Female and Male Entrepreneurs: Psychological Characteristics and their Role in Gender-related Discrimination", Journal of Business Venturing, 5(1), pp.29~36 (1990)
  64. Shabbir, A., "An Examination of the Relationship between Women's Personal Goals and Structural Factors Influencing their Decision to Start a Business: The Case of Pakistan", Journal of Business Venturing, 11(6), pp.507~529 (1996)
  65. Shinnar, R. S., "Entrepreneurship Education : Attitudes across Campus", Journal of Education for Business, 84(3), pp.151~158 (2009)
  66. Smith, N. R., "Type of Entrepreneur, Type of Firm, and Managerial Motivation: Implications for Organizational Life Cycle Theory", Strategic Management Journal, 4, pp.325~488 (1983)
  67. Stetz, P. E., "Multidimensionality of Entrepreneurial Firm-level Processes: Do the Dimensions Covary?", Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research (2000), Babson College
  68. Thompson, E. R., "Individual Entrepreneurial Intent : Construct Clarification and Development of an Internationally Reliable Metric", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, pp.669~694 (2009)
  69. Timmons, J. A., "New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century" (1994), Irwin
  70. Tran, A. T., "A Conceptual Model of Social Entrepreneurial Intention based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory", Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), pp.17~38 (2016)
  71. Vesper, K. H., "Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship" (1982), Prentice-Hall
  72. Vesper, K. H., "Measuring Progress in Entrepreneurship Education", Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), pp.403~421 (1997)
  73. Wilson, F., "Gender, Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education", Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(3), pp.387~406 (2007)
  74. Wu, S., "The Impact of Higher Education on Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in China", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(4), pp.752~774 (2012)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (15건)